1. High and Late Middle Ages
Ch. 8
1050 – 1450 AD

2. The Holy Roman Empire and the Church
Chapter 8, Section 2
The Holy Roman Empire and the Church

3. The Holy Roman Empire (HRE)
Otto I (Otto The Great) 962 AD King of Germany
Remember Charlemagne? Otto the Great becomes Emperor in a similar way
Stops a rebellion of Roman nobles
First to take title of Holy Roman Emperor

4. King Henry IV vs. Pope Gregory VII
Henry IV is crowned King of Germany after Otto, then becomes the Holy Roman Emperor
Pope Gregory VII ends the practice of lay investiture
Only the Pope could appoint bishops in office
Henry argued that because bishops were often his vassals, he should be able to appoint them to office
Pope excommunicates him, Henry repents to get his throne back
Henry marches to Rome sending Pope into exile
Compromise means? It did exactly that

5. King Henry IV vs. Pope Gregory VII
This disagreement goes on for 50 more years
Concordat of Worms Compromise
The Pope still appointed bishops
The emperor could still grant them fiefs and have them as vassals
By limiting the power of the emperor, the Church’s political power grew to its height
Compromise means? It did exactly that

6. Meanwhile in Italy
Between 1100s and 1200s, Germany tried to control Northern Italian towns
Frederick Barbarossa 1155 AD
Wants Control of Wealthy Northern Italy
Lombard League Formed (Pope/N. Italy)
Family Intermarries with heirs to Southern Italy and Sicily
Frederick II - Grandson of Barbarossa fails as well to control Italy
What does this do to Germany?
German Emperors and Popes continue to fight over control of Italy
This means that Germany is neglected
Germany doesn’t become a nation like France and England until 600 years after them