Lesson 1 Do you experience sadness, anxiety, and fear? Mental Disorders How long do these feelings usually last?

Lesson 1 Mental Disorders 20 percent of the U.S. population—54 million people—are affected by some form of mental disorder.mental disorder Fewer than 8 million people with mental disorders actually seek treatment. Of the 20 percent of children and adolescents who suffer from mental health problems, only one-third receive the help they need. What Are Mental Disorders?

Lesson 1 People are reluctant to seek treatment for mental/emotional problems because of: Embarrassment or shame. Stigma or a negative label. Misconceptions and stereotypes. Many mental and emotional disturbances involve imbalances in brain chemistry and require medical attention. Seeking Treatment for Mental Disorders What Are Mental Disorders?

Lesson 1 Broad Classification of Mental Disorders Organic DisorderFunctional Disorder It is caused by a physical illness or an injury that affects the brain. Possible causes: Brain tumors Infections Chemical imbalances Exposure to drugs and toxins Injuries resulting in brain damage Types of Mental Disorders

Lesson 1 Anxiety Disorders People with anxiety disorders often arrange their lives to avoidanxiety disorders situations that make them feel anxious or fearful. There are four main types of anxiety disorders: 1.Phobias 2.Obsessive-compulsive disorders 3.Panic disorders 4.Post-traumatic stress disorders Types of Mental Disorders

Lesson 1 A phobia is a strong and irrational fear of something specific. People with phobias: Do everything they can to avoid the object of their fear. May be unable to live a normal life. May remain prisoners in their own homes. Phobia Types of Mental Disorders

Lesson 1 Obsessive Compulsive Disorder A person with obsessive-compulsive disorder is trapped in a pattern of repeated thoughts or behaviors. Obsessive refers to persistent, recurrent, and unwanted thoughts that prevent people from attending to normal daily activities. Compulsive refers to repeated, irresistible behaviors. Types of Mental Disorders

Lesson 1 Panic Disorder A person with a panic disorder has sudden, unexplained feelings of terror. These panic attacks may occur at any time or place, but most are triggered by a particular object, condition, or situation. Symptoms of panic attacks include trembling, pounding heart, shortness of breath, and dizziness. Types of Mental Disorders

Lesson 1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorderPost-traumatic stress disorder is common after a personal assault, natural or human-made disasters, accidents, and military combat. Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares, emotional numbness, sleeplessness, and guilt. It may arise weeks or months after the event that caused it. Types of Mental Disorders

Lesson 1 Mood Disorders The emotional swings of a mood disorder are extreme in bothmood disorder intensity and duration. Types of Mental Disorders

Lesson 1 Two Types of Mood Disorders Clinical depression affects a person’s ability to: Concentrate. Sleep. Perform at school or work. Handle everyday decisions and challenges. Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or despair last for more than a few weeks and interfere with daily interests and activities. Bipolar DisorderClinical Depression Types of Mental Disorders

Lesson 1 Factors that can lead to an eating disorder are: Psychological pressures. Possible genetic factors. Obsession with body image and thinness. Eating Disorders Types of Mental Disorders

Lesson 1 A person who suffers from an eating disorder can experience a wide range of physical health complications, including: Serious heart conditions. Kidney failure, which may lead to death. It is therefore critical that a person with an eating disorder get help immediately. Physical Health Complications of Eating Disorders Types of Mental Disorders

Lesson 1 Children and adolescents who act out their impulses toward others in destructive ways may have a conduct disorder.conduct disorder They may project an image of toughness, but people with this disorder usually have low self-esteem. Without treatment, they will be unable to adapt to the demands of adulthood. Types of Mental Disorders Conduct Disorders

Lesson 1 Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder in which a person loses contact with reality. Symptoms of schizophrenia include delusions, hallucinations, and thought disorders. Causes of this condition may be a combination of genetic factors and chemical and structural changes in the brain. Types of Mental Disorders

Lesson 1 Personality refers to an individual’s unique traits and behavior patterns. People afflicted with these disorders think and behave in ways that make it difficult for them to get along with others. Counseling, and sometimes medication, are recommended as treatment. Types of Mental Disorders Personality Disorders

Lesson 1 Types of Personality Disorders Borderline Personality Disorder Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder They tend to be irritable, aggressive, impulsive, and violent. In many cases, they are unable to show remorse for their behavior. Antisocial Personality Disorder Types of Mental Disorders

Lesson 1 Life can be difficult for everyone at times. Suicide Prevention With adequate help and support, people suffering from mental and emotional problems can often find new purpose and happiness. Challenges Responsibilities Pressures Emotional Overload Alienation

Lesson 1 This emotional overload can lead to depression or alienation. alienation Why Do People Feel Suicidal? Some people try to escape their pain through suicide. suicide Challenges, responsibilities, and troubling life events can seem overwhelming. Suicide Prevention

Lesson 1 Some Risk Factors That May Lead to Suicide Depression or other mental disorders Alcohol or drug abuse History of physical or sexual abuse History of other suicide attempts Family history of emotional disorders or suicides Suicide Risk Factors

Lesson 1 Teen Suicide: Recognizing the Warning Signs Suicide Risk Factors

Lesson 1 How You Can Help Prevent Suicide Recognize the warning signs of suicide. Take seriously any talk about committing suicide. Never bargain with someone who is thinking about suicide. Show concern and empathy. Strategies to Prevent Suicide

Lesson 1 Multiple Suicides Sometimes within a teen population, cluster suicides occur.cluster suicides Some cluster suicides are the result of pacts or agreements between two or more people to take part in suicide. Others result when individuals commit suicide in response to the suicide of a friend or a suicide that has been sensationalized in the media. Strategies to Prevent Suicide

Lesson 1 Guidelines for Preventing Cluster Suicides The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends: Evaluation and counseling of close friends and relatives of suicide victims, as they may be at high risk for suicide. That the media report on suicides in a way that does not glorify the victim, oversimplify the victim’s motivation, or portray the suicide as an understandable response to pressure or emotional pain. Strategies to Prevent Suicide

Lesson 1 The early detection of mental and emotional problems is critically important to getting help for them. Knowing some specific warning signs of mental disorders can help a person of any age determine if he or she should seek help. Importance of Early Detection Getting Help

Lesson 1 You feel trapped with no way out, or you worry all the time. Your feelings affect your sleep, eating habits, school work, job performance, or relationships. Your family or friends express concern about your behavior. You are becoming involved with alcohol or other drugs. You are becoming increasingly aggressive, violent, or reckless. When to Seek Help for Mental or Emotional Problems Knowing When to Get Help

Lesson 1 Symptoms Severe Enough to Require Intervention Prolonged sadness for no specific reason Frequent outbursts of anger Overwhelming fear, anxiety, or anger at the world Unexplained change in sleeping or eating habits Social withdrawal Signs That Professional Help Is Needed

Lesson 1 Methods for Seeking Help There are many people who are willing and eager to assist people with critical mental health issues: Parents or guardians School psychologists Counselors Coaches Clergy members Crisis hot lines Signs That Professional Help Is Needed

Lesson 1 Some people are afraid to seek help for mental or emotional problems. They see these problems as a sign of weakness, not as a legitimate illness. Stumbling Blocks to Seeking Help Signs That Professional Help Is Needed

Lesson 1 Asking for help from a mental health professional shows responsibility for one’s own wellness. People who have mental disorders, compulsions, and addictions require professional help. Most people find that unloading problems and sharing their deepest thoughts with a “stranger” is a great relief. Signs That Professional Help Is Needed Helping People Who Are Reluctant to Seek Help

Lesson 1 Commonly Used Therapy Methods Psychotherapy Behavior therapy Cognitive therapy Group therapy Biomedical therapy Therapy Methods

Lesson 1 Loss is an important part of life. It is always difficult and painful to lose someone. Learning to cope with grief is an important part of human development. Understanding Death and Grief

Lesson 1 Losses Experienced in Life Missing a chance to play in a championship game because of an injury. Failing to get the grade you needed on an important exam. Experiencing rejection. Breakup of a relationship. Death of a pet, friend, or family member. Feeling the loss of whatever—or whomever—you left behind when moving or changing schools. Different Kinds of Loss

Lesson 1 When a loss occurs, it is common and natural to experience a grief responsegrief response. The way a person responds to loss is unique to the situation and to the individual. Grief Response Expressions of Grief

Lesson 1 The grieving process occurs during the grief response. The purpose of this process is to reach closure, or acceptance of a loss. The stages of grief reflect a variety of reactions that may occur as people work through the process. The reactions, were identified by noted Swiss American doctor Elisabeth Kübler-Ross. The Grieving Process Expressions of Grief

Lesson 1 Stages of Grief Denial/Numbness Emotional Releases Anger Bargaining Depression Remorse Acceptance Hope Expressions of Grief

Lesson 1 Some Ways of Coping with Death Allow some time to reflect on who you were before the loss. Focus on what you were able to do in the relationship. Remember the wonderful things about the person. Reach closure by seeking support from others. Coping with Death

Lesson 1 Support from family and friends is important during mourning.mourning You can help by: Showing empathy or just being there to listen. Sharing your memories and appreciation of the person who is gone. Talking about experiences and memories. Helping Others Through the Grieving Process Coping with Death

Lesson 1 Seeing a counselor or therapist who specializes in grief can help people through the grieving process. These specialists often can be found through community mental health services, such as hospices. Grief Counseling Coping with Death

Lesson 1 Coping Mechanisms Using effective coping mechanisms can ease the process ofcoping recovery from traumatic or sudden events. Spend time with other people, and discuss your feelings. Get back to daily routines as quickly as possible. Eat nutritious foods, exercise, and get enough rest and sleep. Do something positive to help your community through the event. Coping with Disasters and Crises