1. Content Vocabulary mental illness phobia
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
depression
bipolar disorder
schizophrenia
eating disorders
addiction

2. When emotional problems interfere with daily life, this may be a sign of mental illness.
Disorders of thought, emotion, or behavior that cause distress and reduce a person’s ability to function 2

3. Identifying Mental and Emotional Problems
Mental and emotional problems vary in severity and duration. They can have a variety of causes. 3

4. Identifying Mental and Emotional Problems
A problem severe enough to interfere with daily life requires professional help.
Mental illness can stem from heredity, physical causes, and environmental factors, such as poverty and stress.
Mental illness is not a character flaw. 4

5. Anxiety Disorders
Anxiety disorders can be severe and disabling. 5

6. Anxiety Disorders Ordinary anxiety is temporary and relatively mild.
Anxiety disorders last at least six months and can become worse without treatment.
People with an anxiety disorder experience anxiety most or all of the time. 6

7. Anxiety Disorders Phobias
People with a phobia may go to extreme lengths to avoid the thing they fear.
People can develop phobias linked to all sorts of things.
phobia
An extreme, irrational fear of an object or situation 7

8. Anxiety Disorders Social Anxiety
Social anxiety, or social phobia, is extreme fear or anxiety in the presence of other people.
Social phobia is different from ordinary shyness. It is so extreme that it makes people unable to enjoy social activities.
Therapy or medication can help people with a social phobia. 8

9. Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Anxiety Disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
People with obsessive-compulsive disorder have repeated, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) that lead them to develop patterns of behavior (compulsions) that can interfere with daily life.
obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
An uncontrollable fixation on specific thoughts and behaviors 9

10. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Anxiety Disorders
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
People with post-traumatic stress disorder often have flashbacks due to events such as war, terrorist attacks, bombings, serious accidents, violent crime, natural disasters, and abuse.
post-traumatic stress disorder
A serious stress reaction in response to a terrifying event 10

11. Anxiety Disorders Panic Disorder
People with panic disorder experience sudden, unexplained attacks of terror.
Physical symptoms include: pounding heart, shortness of breath, sweating, dizziness, and sometimes chest pain.
Panic disorder is disabling but can be treated with medication or therapy. 11

12. Mood Disorders
Mood disorders, such as depression and bipolar disorder, involve extremes of emotion. 12

13. Mood Disorders Emotional highs and lows are normal.
When emotional highs and lows are extreme and interfere with daily life, a mood disorder may be the cause.
Two mood disorders are depression and bipolar disorder. 13

14. Mood Disorders Depression
Although everyone feels sadness at times, depression is a more serious condition.
Depression affects one out of ten people each year.
depression
A persistent feeling of apathy, hopelessness, or despair 14

15. Mood Disorders Depression Some symptoms of depression include:
Persistent feeling of sadness, anxiety, or emptiness and thoughts of death or suicide.
Difficulty concentrating.
Lack of energy and feelings of indifference.
Withdrawal from family and friends. 15

16. Mood Disorders Depression
People who experience symptoms of depression for more than a couple of weeks should seek professional help.
Depression can be treated with a combination of talk therapy and medication. 16

17. Mood Disorders Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder is also known as manic-depressive disorder.
bipolar disorder
Extreme highs and lows of emotion 17

18. Mood Disorders Bipolar Disorder
People with bipolar disorder bounce back and forth between depression and an emotional high known as mania.
The manic phase is a phase of high energy. The sufferer sleeps less and does everything at top-speed. 18

19. Mood Disorders Bipolar Disorder
The moods of a person suffering from bipolar disorder swing from euphoric happiness to extreme irritability or aggression without warning.
Medication can help calm the unstable moods of bipolar disorder. 19

20. Other Disorders
Disorders such as schizophrenia, eating disorders, and substance abuse are mental illnesses that require professional help. 20

21. Other Disorders
Other mental health disorders fall outside of the categories of anxiety disorders and mood disorders. These disorders include:
Schizophrenia
Eating disorders
Substance abuse 21

22. Other Disorders Schizophrenia
People with schizophrenia often have hallucinations.
schizophrenia
A severe mental disorder that causes people to lose touch with reality 22

23. Other Disorders Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is partly hereditary. Abnormal brain chemistry plays a role in the disease as well.
Medication can relieve the symptoms, but cannot cure the disease. 23

24. Other Disorders Eating Disorders
Major types of eating disorders include:
Anorexia nervosa
Bulimia nervosa
Binge eating disorder
eating disorders
Extreme, unhealthy eating habits, often related to an obsession with weight or appearance 24

25. Other Disorders Eating Disorders People with anorexia nervosa:
Starve themselves or exercise excessively to avoid gaining weight.
See themselves as overweight, even if they are extremely thin. 25

26. Other Disorders Eating Disorders
Those who suffer from bulimia nervosa:
Eat large amounts of food (binge) and then rid their bodies of the food by vomiting or taking laxatives (purge). 26

27. Other Disorders Eating Disorders
Those who suffer from binge eating disorder:
Regularly go on eating binges, but do not purge afterwards. 27

28. Other Disorders Eating Disorders
Eating disorders can lead to serious health problems.
Eating disorders are treated by a team of health professionals, including medical doctors, mental health professionals, and dieticians. 28

29. Other Disorders Addiction
A person who abuses drugs or alcohol may not be addicted to these substances. However, continued abuse can lead to addiction.
Behaviors, such as gambling, can also be addicting.
addiction
Psychological dependence on a particular substance, habit, or behavior 29

30. Section Review: Reviewing the Vocabulary
Mental illness is __________.
mental illness
Disorders of thought, emotion, or behavior that cause distress and reduce a person’s ability to function

31. Section Review: Reviewing the Vocabulary
A persistent feeling of apathy, hopelessness, or despair is called __________.
depression
A persistent feeling of apathy, hopelessness, or despair