1. Mental Disorders Do you experience sadness, anxiety, and fear?
How long do these feelings usually last?

2. Mental Disorders
For some people these feelings persist for a long time and affect a person’s behavior or daily activities.
This may indicate that he or she is suffering from a mental disorder.

3. Lesson Objectives In this lesson, you’ll learn to:
Distinguish types of mental disorders.
Identify situations requiring professional mental health services.
Identify and describe the types of mental disorders that affect our society.

4. What Are Mental Disorders?
20 percent of the U.S. population—54 million people—are affected by some form of mental disorder.
Fewer than 8 million people with mental disorders actually seek treatment.
Of the 20 percent of children and adolescents who suffer from mental health problems, only one-third receive the help they need.

5. What Are Mental Disorders?
Seeking Treatment for Mental Disorders
People are reluctant to seek treatment for mental/emotional problems because of:
Embarrassment or shame.
Stigma or a negative label.
Misconceptions and stereotypes.
Many mental and emotional disturbances involve imbalances in brain chemistry and require medical attention.

6. Types of Mental Disorders
Broad Classification of Mental Disorders
Organic Disorder
Functional Disorder
It is caused by a physical illness or an injury that
affects the brain.
Possible causes:
Brain tumors
Infections
Chemical imbalances
Exposure to drugs and toxins
Injuries resulting in brain damage

7. Types of Mental Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
People with anxiety disorders often arrange their lives to avoid
situations that make them feel anxious or fearful.
There are four main types of anxiety disorders:
Phobias
Obsessive-compulsive disorders
Panic disorders
Post-traumatic stress disorders

8. Types of Mental Disorders
Phobia
A phobia is a strong and irrational
fear of something specific.
People with phobias:
Do everything they can to avoid the object of their fear.
May be unable to live a normal life.
May remain prisoners in their own homes.

9. Types of Mental Disorders
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
A person with obsessive-compulsive disorder is trapped in a
pattern of repeated thoughts or behaviors.
Obsessive refers to persistent, recurrent, and unwanted thoughts that prevent people from attending to normal daily activities.
Compulsive refers to repeated, irresistible behaviors.

10. Types of Mental Disorders
Panic Disorder
A person with a panic disorder has sudden, unexplained feelings of terror.
These panic attacks may occur at any time or place, but most are triggered by a particular object, condition, or situation.
Symptoms of panic attacks include trembling, pounding heart, shortness of breath, and dizziness.

11. Types of Mental Disorders
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder is common after a personal assault, natural or human-made disasters, accidents, and military combat.
Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares, emotional numbness, sleeplessness, and guilt.
It may arise weeks or months after the event that caused it.

12. Types of Mental Disorders
Mood Disorders
The emotional swings of a mood disorder are extreme in both
intensity and duration.

13. Types of Mental Disorders
Two Types of Mood Disorders
Clinical Depression
Bipolar Disorder
Clinical depression affects a person’s ability to:
Concentrate.
Sleep.
Perform at school or work.
Handle everyday decisions and challenges.
Feelings of sadness, hopelessness, or despair last for
more than a few weeks and interfere with daily
interests and activities.

14. Types of Mental Disorders
Eating Disorders
Factors that can lead to an eating disorder are:
Psychological pressures.
Possible genetic factors.
Obsession with body image and thinness.

15. Types of Mental Disorders
Physical Health Complications of Eating Disorders
A person who suffers from an eating disorder can experience a wide
range of physical health complications, including:
Serious heart conditions.
Kidney failure, which may lead to death.
It is therefore critical that a person with an eating disorder get
help immediately.

16. Types of Mental Disorders
Conduct Disorders
Children and adolescents who act out their impulses toward others in destructive ways may have a conduct disorder.
They may project an image of toughness, but people with this disorder usually have low self-esteem.
Without treatment, they will be unable to adapt to the demands of adulthood.

17. Types of Mental Disorders
Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder in which a person loses contact with reality.
Symptoms of schizophrenia include delusions, hallucinations, and thought disorders.
Causes of this condition may be a combination of genetic factors and chemical and structural changes in the brain.

18. Types of Mental Disorders
Personality Disorders
Personality refers to an individual’s unique traits and behavior patterns.
People afflicted with these disorders think and behave in ways that make it difficult for them to get along with others.
Counseling, and sometimes medication, are recommended as treatment.

19. Types of Mental Disorders
Types of Personality Disorders
Antisocial Personality Disorder
They tend to be irritable, aggressive, impulsive, and violent.
In many cases, they are unable to show remorse for their behavior.
Borderline Personality Disorder
Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder

20. Quick Review
Provide a short answer to the question given below.
Q. Compare and contrast the characteristics of schizophrenia and antisocial personality disorder.
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21. Quick Review - Answer
A. A person with schizophrenia is not usually a threat to other people, whereas a person with an antisocial personality disorder is frequently at odds and maybe violent toward others.
Click Next to attempt another question.

22. Quick Review
Provide a short answer to the question given below.
Q. Define the term mental disorder, and explain how organic and functional disorders differ.
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23. Quick Review - Answer
A. A mental disorder is an illness of the mind that can affect the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person, preventing him or her from leading a happy, healthful, and productive life.
Organic disorders are caused by a physical illness or an injury that affects the brain.
Functional disorders have a psychological cause and do not involve brain damage.
Click Next to attempt another question.

24. Q. What do clinical depression and bipolar disorder have in common?
Quick Review
Provide a short answer to the question given below.
Q. What do clinical depression and bipolar disorder have in common?
Click Next to view the answer.

25. A. Both clinical depression and bipolar disorder are mood
Quick Review - Answer
A. Both clinical depression and bipolar disorder are mood
disorders. People with bipolar disorder sometimes exhibit
symptoms of clinical depression.
Click Next to attempt another question.

26. Quick Review Analyze the following situation.
Although scientific evidence shows that mental disorders are medical conditions, the stigma attached to these illnesses persists. Why do you think this is so?

27. What Are Mental Disorders?
20 percent of the U.S. population—54 million people—are affected by some form of mental disorder.
Fewer than 8 million people with mental disorders actually seek treatment.
Of the 20 percent of children and adolescents who suffer from mental health problems, only one-third receive the help they need.
A mental disorder is an illness of the mind that can affect the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person, preventing him or her from leading a happy, healthful, and productive life.

28. Types of Mental Disorders
Anxiety Disorders
People with anxiety disorders often arrange their lives to avoid
situations that make them feel anxious or fearful.
There are four main types of anxiety disorders:
Phobias
Obsessive-compulsive disorders
Panic disorders
Post-traumatic stress disorders
An anxiety disorder is a condition in which real or imagined fears are difficult to control.

29. Types of Mental Disorders
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder is common after a personal assault, natural or human-made disasters, accidents, and military combat.
Symptoms may include flashbacks, nightmares, emotional numbness, sleeplessness, and guilt.
It may arise weeks or months after the event that caused it.
A post-traumatic stress disorder is a condition that may develop after exposure to a terrifying event that threatened or caused physical harm.

30. Types of Mental Disorders
Mood Disorders
The emotional swings of a mood disorder are extreme in both
intensity and duration.
A mood disorder is an illness, often with an organic cause, that involves mood extremes that interfere with everyday living.

31. Types of Mental Disorders
Conduct Disorders
Children and adolescents who act out their impulses toward others in destructive ways may have a conduct disorder.
They may project an image of toughness, but people with this disorder usually have low self-esteem.
Without treatment, they will be unable to adapt to the demands of adulthood.
A conduct disorder is a pattern of behavior in which the rights of others or basic social rules are violated.

32. Types of Mental Disorders
Broad Classification of Mental Disorders
Organic Disorder
Functional Disorder
It has a psychological cause and does not involve brain
damage.
Possible causes:
Heredity
Stress
Emotional conflict
Fear
Ineffective coping skills
Disturbing events in childhood or in the recent past

33. Types of Mental Disorders
Two Types of Mood Disorders
Clinical Depression
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder is marked by:
Extreme mood changes.
Extreme energy levels.
Extreme behavior.
Adults may behave normally between episodes of
extreme emotion.
Teens tend to alternate rapidly between the two
extremes with few clear periods of wellness between
episodes.

34. Types of Mental Disorders
Types of Personality Disorders
Antisocial Personality Disorder
They tend to engage in high- risk activities, and many have poor self-esteem.
Although they fear abandonment, they frequently lash out violently at the people they need most.
Borderline Personality Disorder
Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder

35. Types of Mental Disorders
Types of Personality Disorders
Antisocial Personality Disorder
They are often uncooperative.
They resent being told what to do, yet they rely on others’ direction.
They are angry over issues of control.
Borderline Personality Disorder
Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder