1. Chapter 10 Lesson 1
What Are Mental Disorders

2. Mental Disorders
An Illness of the mind that can affect the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person, preventing him or her from leading a happy, healthful and productive life
Identified by their inability to cope in healthful ways with life’s changes, demands, problems, or traumas

3. Mental Disorders
In the past mental disorders were misunderstood and people with such disorders were feared or shunned
Mental disorders understood not only as disturbances in the emotions but also as imbalances in the chemistry of the brain

4. Types of Mental Disorders
Organic disorders
Functional disorder
Anxiety
Somatoform
Affective
personality

5. Organic Disorder
Caused by a physical illness or an injury that affects the brain
Brain tumors, alcoholism, infections such as syphilis and meningitis, lupus and stroke
Some are inherited chemical imbalances

6. Functional Disorder
Result of psychological causes in which no clear brain damage is involved
Usually result from stress, emotional conflict, fear or poor coping skills
May be tied to inborn causes, traumatic events in childhood, or current causes
Main functional disorders – anxiety, somatoform, affective and personality

7. Anxiety Disorder

8. Anxiety Disorder
Illness in which real, imagined or persistent fears prevent a person from enjoying life
Continuous, chronic anxiety
People will often arrange their lives so as to avoid the object or situation that makes the anxious or nervous

9. Anxiety Disorder

10. Anxiety Disorder Four types of anxiety disorders Phobias
Obsessive-compulsive
Panic Disorders
Post traumatic stress disorder

11. Anxiety Disorders/Phobias
Specific fear that is so strong that person goes to extreme measures to avoid the fear producing object of activity
Acrophobia – fear of heights
Claustrophobia – Fear of enclosed spaces
Person with phobia may be unable to carry out daily activities
Some believe that phobias are related to some past experience that was upsetting

12. Anxiety Disorder/Obsessive compulsive
Trapped in a pattern of repeated behaviors or thoughts
Obsession – consistent, recurrent, unwanted thoughts or ideas that keep people from thinking about other things
Compulsion – urgent, repeated, irresistible behaviors

13. Anxiety Disorder/Obsessive compulsive

14. Anxiety Disorder/Obsessive compulsive
Person with OCD might feel the urge to wash hands times a day
When these activities interfere with other daily functions an commitments, they are considered a problem

15. Anxiety Disorder/Panic
Fear or anxiety get in the way of functioning and enjoying life
The individual may feel anxious, fearful, and upset most of the time, or the feelings may arise for no apparent reason
Panic attacks are accompanied by severe symptoms such as trembling, a racing heart, shortness of breath, dizziness or even dying

16. Anxiety Disorder/Panic

17. Anxiety Disorder/Post Traumatic stress Syndrome
Person who experiences or witnesses a traumatic event feels sever and long lasting aftereffects
Common among veterans of military combat rape survivors, survivors of natural disatsers
Symptoms: flashbacks, nightmares, emotional numbness, reaction to an image, sleeplessness,

18. Anxiety Disorder/Post Traumatic stress Syndrome
Symptoms: flashbacks, nightmares, emotional numbness, reaction to an image, sleeplessness, feelings of guilt, or an extreme reaction to an image or sound that reminds the person of the event

19. Somatoform Disorders
Describe an illness in which a person complains of disease symptoms, but no physical cause can be found
Hypochondria – a preoccupation with the body and fear of presumed diseases that are not present
Constantly feel aches and pains and worries about developing cancer, hear disease, or some other serious problem

20. Somatoform Disorders

21. Affective Disorder
A mood disorder often with an organic cause that relates to emotions and may involve mood swings or mood extremes that interfere with everyday living
Mood swings are severe and may last long periods of time
Clinical depression
Bipolar Disorder

22. Affective Disorder/Clinical Depression
Feeling of sadness, hopelessness, or despair last for more than a few weeks and interfere with daily activities and interests
It can be a serious health problem that affects one’s ability to concentrate, sleep, perform at school or work or handle everyday decisions

23. Affective Disorder/Clinical Depression
It can be a symptom of substance abuse
It can run in families and be biologically based
Can be caused by life events and accumulated traumas or stressors

24. Affective Disorder/Bipolar Disorder
Illness characterized by extreme mood swings between depression and extreme happiness, or mania
During manic periods people may feel extremely happy or energetic
Often this “high” period ends abruptly and a period of deep depression sets in
Between periods they behave normally

25. Affective Disorder/Bipolar Disorder

26. Personality Disorder
Variety of psychological conditions that affect a person’s ability to get along with others
May often be at odds with others and never see their part in the problem
Personality disorders have no apparent distinct signs or symptoms

27. Personality Disorder

28. Antisocial Personality Disorder
Person’s constant conflict with society
May display behavior that is cruel, uncaring, irresponsible and impulsive
They can distinguish right from wrong, they often don’t care about others’ needs or society’s rules and are often in trouble with the law

29. Antisocial Personality Disorder

30. Personality Disorder/Schizophrenia
Means Split mind
1 to 2 % of the population and appears most frequently among people between the ages of 15 and 35
Untreated they may act inappropriately, exhibit abnormal emotional responses, or in some cases, show no emotional responses at all

31. Personality Disorder/Schizophrenia
Some schizophrenics withdraw often losing all sense of time and space
Some hallucinate or hear voices, talk to themselves, act odd, or neglect to care for themselves
Paranoid Schizophrenics – mistrust and are suspicious of others
They may believe they are being followed, listened to or targeted for harm

32. Personality Disorder/Schizophrenia
Professional help and chemical intervention are always recommended