Section 1 – The Beginnings of Industrialization

Main Idea- Industrial Revolution started in England and then spread to other countries. Why It Matters Now- Changes in Britain paved the way for modern industrial societies.

 Greatly increased output of machine-based goods that began in the 1700’s  Begins in Great Britain  Wealthy farmers “ENCLOSED” their fields 1. Tried new agricultural methods a. Crop Rotation used 2. Forced smaller farmers to city for work a. Became factory workers

 Large population of workers  Extensive natural resources  Britain changed economy to allow for factories and other issues

Britain had the THREE main factors of production: 1. Land 2. Labor 3. Capital

Textile inventions help spread cloth all over the world: 1.John Kay- Flying Shuttle (doubled work output) 2. James Hargreaves- Spinning Jenny 3. Samuel Crompton- Spinning Mule 4. Edmund Cartwright- Power Loom 5. Eli Whitney- Cotton Gin Factories had to be built to keep up with this BOOM.

Improvements in Transportation 1.James Watt- Improved steam engine 2. Robert Fulton- Steamboat (built off Watt’s engine) A) Canals built all over England because of this 3. John McAdam- Built better roads

Railway Age Begins! A)Needed ways to move goods across the country  George Stephenson created 1 st railroad line FOUR Major Effects of Rail Roads 1) Helped industrialization, cheap transport 2) Created jobs (railroad & miners) 3) Boosted agriculture and fishing industry 4) Allowed country folks to travel to city and vise versa