1. The Industrial Revolution
HWH UNIT 6
CHAPTER

2. From Cottage Industry to Factory System

3. The Cottage Industry (a.k.a. “putting out system”)
Pros
Helped farmers supplement income
Created entrepreneurs
Created new consumer goods
Work could be done at home
Cons
Inefficient
Workers spread out in many places
Labor wasn’t coordinated and organized
Lack of capital

4. Why Britain? Abundance of Water Natural Resources
Canals, Rivers, proximity to the ocean
Natural Resources
Coal, iron
Stable, Laissez-faire government
Central bank
Abundance of food
Abundant labor force
Not decimated by Napoleonic wars

7. British Trade,

8. The Textile Industry
Cotton output increased 800% between 1780 and 1800
By 1830, 50% of British exports were cotton fabrics
Led the way in innovation and industrialization

9. The Spinning Wheel

10. The Hand Loom

11. New Technology
(pre-steam engine)

12. John Kay’s “Flying Shuttle” (1733)

13. James Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny (1765)

14. Richard Arkwright’s Water Frame (1769)

15. The First Factories (1770s-80s)

16. Samuel Crompton’s “Spinning Mule” (1779)

17. Newcomen’s Steam Engine (1705)

18. James Watt’s Steam Engine (1770s)

19. Edmund Cartwright’s Power Loom (1785)

20. The Iron Industry Abraham Darby Coal replaces charcoal
More efficient to run steam engines
Coke
Biproduct of coal
“Pig Iron”
Abraham Darby

21. Ironbridge in the 18th Century

23. Coalbrookdale by Night by Loutherbourg

24. Railroads
George Stephenson
Liverpool to Manchester railway

25. “The Rocket”

27. The Cumulative Effect of Industrialization
Factories required steam engines and machines
Steam engines and machines need iron
Iron needs coal
Coal need to be mined
All of this needs to be transported by train
Trains require coal and iron….

28. By 1850… Britain produced 2/3 of the world’s coal
1/2 of the world’s iron
1/2 of the world’s cloth
Per capita income doubled from 1800
GNP tripled from 1800