Prepared by Darrell G. Mullins Salisbury University Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: Any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; Preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; Any rental, lease or lending of the program.

Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.

Overview of Themes  The Importance of Nonverbal Communication  Defining Nonverbal Communication  Nonverbal Behavior Communication and the Individual  The Individual, Nonverbal Communication, and Society  Ethics and Nonverbal Communication  Improving Your Nonverbal Communication

“…nonverbal communication can be complex and ambiguous—both to convey and to interpret.” Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. The Importance of Nonverbal Communication Photos.com

Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Understanding Nonverbal Behavior is Important Because…  Nonverbal behaviors are continuous.  Nonverbal behaviors are ambiguous.  Nonverbal behaviors can be difficult to interpret because they are multi-channeled.  Nonverbal cues are important in conveying and interpreting verbal messages.  Important to be able to “read” other people in everyday life.

“The nonverbal components of communication include all the messages that people transmit through means other than words. We communicate nonverbally when we wave hello, blow a kiss, or, like the sorority members pictured, we wear clothing that signals our group membership”. Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. What Is Nonverbal Communication? © Steve Skjold/Alamy

Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Defining and Understanding Nonverbal Communication?  “…all the messages that people transmit through means other than words.”  Nonverbal Behavior vs. Nonverbal Communication.  Nonverbal behavior is communicative when:  It is regularly used within a group.  It is seen as intentional.  It has a recognized, agreed-upon interpretation. Burgoon, Buller & Woodall, 1996

Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Nonverbal Communication and the Individual

Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Influences on Nonverbal Communication  Culture  Interpersonal Relationships  Knowledge of other person  Sex

Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Nonverbal Codes  “…a distinct, organized means of expression consisting of symbols & rules for their use.”  Codes are analyzed in isolation but do not occur that way.  Five types of codes: Kinesics, Paralinguistics, Time and Space, Haptics, Appearance, and Artifacts

Kinesics-The Body  Gestures  Illustrators  Emblems  Adaptors  Regulators  Posture  Movement Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc.

Kinesics-The Face  Facial Expression  Eye behavior © Paul Piebinga/iStockPhoto

Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Paralinguistics  Voice qualities  Speed  Pitch  Rhythm  Vocal Range  Articulation  Vocalizations  Sounds without the structure of language  Fillers

Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Chronemics  Use of time  Value of time  Timing and sequencing  Monochronic time  Polychronic time

Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Proxemics  Space and Intimacy Intimate Distance Social Distance Personal Distance Public Distance

Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Haptics Professional or Functional Touch Friendship Touch Social-Polite Touch Love-Intimate Touch Demand Touching

Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Appearance & Artifacts  People’s looks communicate  Definitions of attractiveness vary  Artifacts―clothes, jewelry, cars, etc.

Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Functions of Nonverbal Communication  Communicate Information  Regulate Interaction  Express and Manage Intimacy  Social Control  Service-Task Functions

Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. The Individual, Nonverbal Communication, and Society

Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Societal Influences on Nonverbal Behavior  Artifacts communicate status and power.  Cultural norms and expectations lead to nonverbal expressions of power and status.  Nonverbal communication & behavior can trigger prejudice & discrimination.

Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Ethics and Nonverbal Communication Improving Your Nonverbal Communication

Copyright © 2010, 2006 Pearson Education, Inc. Choices and Guidelines  Nonverbal Deceptive Behavior  Derogatory Nonverbal Communication  Maintain Consistency  Don’t assume that others’ nonverbals always mean the same as yours.  Be aware of individual, contextual, and cultural factors that influence meaning.  Ask for additional information if you don’t understand a nonverbal message.