1. Communication Though Nonverbal Behavior

2. Def.- bodily actions and vocal qualities that typically accompany a verbal message. They are usually interpreted as intentional and have agreed upon meanings within a given speech culture or community.

3. Is continuous. Is multi-channeled. Can be intentional or unintentional. Meaning can be ambiguous. Is he primary conveyor of our emotions.

4. Kinesics- the interpretation of body motions used in communication. Gestures-movements of our hands, arms, and fingers that we use to describe or to emphasize. Illustrators- gestures that augment a verbal message. Emblems- gestures that substitute for words. Adaptors- gestures that respond to a physical need. Eye Contact- how and how much we look at people with whom we are communicating. Facial Expression- the arrangement of facial muscles to communicate emotional states or reactions to messages.

5. Emoticons- typed symbols that convey emotional aspects of an online message. [ex.- :) ] Posture- the position and movement of the body; body orientation; posture in relation to another person. Haptics- the interpretation of touch. Reaction to touch is affected by individual preference, family background, and culture. Reaction to touch differs within context (public versus private).

6. Def.- the interpretation of the message based on paralinguistic features; paralanguage is the voiced but not verbal part of a spoken message. Pitch- the highness or lowness of vocal tone. Volume- the loudness or softness of tone. Rate- the speed at which a person speaks. Quality- the sound of a person’s voice. Intonation- the variety, melody, or inflection in one’s voice. Vocalized pauses- extraneous sounds or words that interrupt fluent speech. (ex. – Uh, You know, So)

7. Def.- the interpretation of one’s use of personal space. Personal space- the distance you try to maintain when you interact with other people. Physical space- the part of the physical environment over which you exert control. Artifacts- objects and possessions we use to decorate the physical space we control.

8. Physical Appearance- Endomorph- Round and Heavy Body Type Mesomorph- Muscular and Athletic Body Type Ectomorph- Tall and Thin Body Type Clothing and personal grooming- physical appearance sends a message and one should adapt their style of clothing and personal grooming techniques to the setting.

9. Def.- the way others interpret your use of time. Monochronic Time Orientation- a time orientation that emphasizes doing one thing at a time, adheres to schedules and rigid appointment times, and schedules interpersonal relationships. Polychronic Time Orientation- a time orientation that emphasizes doing multiple things at once, views schedules as flexible, an subordinates scheduled activities to interpersonal relationships.

10. Kinesics- Eye contact is not universally appropriate and differs in cultures and subcultures. Facial expressions and gestures- There are many similarities in facial expressions across cultures, but gestures differ across cultures. Displays of emotion differ based on culture and gender; gesture style is often used to label masculinity or femininity.

11. Haptics- Touch is closely linked to culture. Meaning of touch differs by gender. Some cultures contact, where others restrict it. Paralanguage- Volume varies greatly by culture. United States stereotypes masculine voices as low pitched and loud, and feminine voices and high pitched and expressive.

12. Proxemics- Differ between individualistic and collectivist societies. Artifacts and Personal Appearance- Culture and gender influence clothing choices. Chronemics- The dominant U.S. culture has a monochromatic time orientation, while many Latin American and Arab cultures have polychronic orientation.

13. Interpreting Nonverbal Messages- Don’t automatically assume a particular behavior means something specific. Consider cultural, gender, and individual influences on behavior when interpreting nonverbal cues. Nonverbal messages should be interpreted in context. Use perception checking.

14. Sending Nonverbal Messages Be conscious of your own nonverbal behavior. Be purposeful in your use of nonverbal communication. Don’t let your nonverbal cues distract from your message. Make sure your nonverbal cues match your verbal communication. Adapt nonverbal behavior to the situation.