1. Chapter 5: Nonverbal Communication

2. Nonverbal Communication is…
Any behavior or artifact that communicates meaning and is not verbal or textual.
Is NOT limited to the self.

3. Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
It may or may not be intentional
They are primary, taking precedence over verbal messages
They are often ambiguous.
They are continuous
They are multichanneled

4. Functions of Nonverbal Messages
They provide information
They repeat, substitute, emphasize, or contradict verbal messages
They regulate interaction
They are used to express or hide emotions (Human Face)
They help us present an image
They express status, power, and control

5. Tests of Emotional Prowness (and other stuff)
zoLuwllr (I like this one)

6. Areas of Study Facial Expression Paralanguage (Vocal aspects)
Kinesics (body motions)
Oculesics (Eye)
Haptics (Touch)
Proxemics (Space)
Chronemics (Time)
Paralanguage (Vocal aspects)
Olfactics (Smell)
Temperature
Attractiveness
Contextual
Artifacts
Countless others

7. You Must Understand! Nonverbal behaviors may contradict each other
A smile with rolling eyes vs. a smile with eye contact
Fidgeting with hands while making eye contact when in a stressful situation.
Nonverbal behaviors may not be the same for two people experiencing the same emotion
Certain displays can have a wide range of meanings.
Nonverbal messages can never completely replace verbal messages.

8. Physical Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
The Face
Body Shape
Ectomorph (Lanky)
Endomorph (Round)
Mesomorph (Muscular)
Gender (sex)
Race or Ethnic Background
Hair type
Skin color
Others

9. Physical Characteristics of Nonverbal Communication
Body Odor
Size and height
Clothing and other artifacts (such as tattoos and jewelry)

10. Types of Body Motions Eye contact and gaze
Facial Expression: Seven universal expressions: (Affect Displays)
Happiness, sadness, contempt, disgust, fear, anger, and surprise.
The Human Face: Face to Face
Gestures
Posture

11. How Body Motions are Used
They can take the place of a word or phrase (Emblems)
They can illustrate what a speaker is saying (Illustrators)
They can be used to display or mask feelings (or to mimic those expressions) (Affect Displays)
They can be used to regulate conversations (Regulators)
They may be used to relieve tension or as a physical adaptor. (Adaptors)

12. Public Display Rules for Nonverbal Behavior
Intensifying: Exaggerating an emotional display (shock, sorrow)
De-intensifying: minimizing emotional display
Neutralizing (Displaying no emotion at all)
Masking (Hiding one emotional display, and offering another)

13. Cultural Variations in Body Motions
Eye Contact
Facial Expression
Gestures
Displays (PDA’s), etc.

14. Functions of Nonverbal Communication (A summary)
As a substitute for verbal
As a means of complimenting verbal
As a means of contradicting verbal
As a means of regulating conversation
As a means of adapting to tensions or discomfort

15. Gender Variations
Women tend to have more frequent eye contact than men
Women smile more, but the interpretation of the smile is harder to figure.

16. Paralanguage Vocal Characteristics Vocal Interferences Pitch Volume
Rate
Quality (raspiness to sweetness)
Intonation
Vocal Interferences
Train yourself to hear them
Practice how long you can go without one
Mentally note your usage in conversations

17. Self-presentation Clothing and personal grooming Poise Touch Time
Duration
Activity
Punctuality

18. Communication Through Management of Your Environment
Space
Management of permanent structures
Management of movable objects within space
Management of informal space (proxemics)
Intimate distance
Personal distance
Social distance
Public distance
The notion of “Territory” (personal ownership)

19. Communication Through Management of Your Environment
Space
Protection Theory
Equilibrium Theory
Expectancy Violations Theory

20. Communication Through Management of Your Environment
Temperature
Lighting
Color
Cultural Variations in the Management of Environments
Space, color, temperature
Increasing the accuracy of nonverbal Communication