1. Nonverbal Communication
Annette M. Holba
Denise Hutchins
University Days 2017

2. Principles of Nonverbal Communication
This is how nonverbal communication is different from verbal communication:
Use multiple channels simultaneously
More ambiguous than verbal communication
Has fewer rules
Has more meaning (greater impact on our impressions of others)
Influenced by culture (more than verbal)
Influenced by gender (women are better than men at sending messages nonverbally and interpreting nonverbal messages – according to studies)
Liberated through and by technology
Nonverbal and verbal co-create communication

3. Nonverbal Communication Codes
Kinesics
Vocalics
Haptics
Proxemics
Chronemics
Physical Appearance
Artifacts
Environment

4. Kinesics Facial Expressions Eye Contact Gestures Posture
Emblems – for words
Illustrators – demonstrate
Regulators – conversational turns
Adaptors – psychological or physical purpose (nervousness)
Posture
Immediacy
Power

5. Vocalics Talking in certain ways…..voice characteristics
Tone - emphasis
Pitch – changing pitch
Loudness - capitalization
Speech Rate – a nonverbal part of verbal communication
Also, utterances such as sighs, grunts, etc. (paralanguage)

6. Haptics Communicating through touch Types Duration
Part of body touched
Strength of touch
Types
Functional-professional
Social-polite
Friendship-warmth
Love-intimacy
Sexual-arousal
Aggressive-hostile

7. Communication through space
Proxemics
Communication through space
Intimate space – 0-18 inches
Personal space – 18 inches-4 feet
Social space – 4-12 feet
Public space – 12 feet or more
***changes from culture to culture – this is for United States
Territoriality

8. Communication through time
Chronemics
Communication through time
M-time – (monochronic) time manage and careful scheduling; time is like a gift and you show you care by spending time with another (can also use time to punish)
P-time – (polychronic) time is not a resource to be spent, saved, or guarded; time can’t be wasted either
Time also differs culturally; time differences can cause conflict

9. Physical Appearance Hair Clothing Body type Physical attractiveness
All influence our personal encounters; how you look conveys equally to what you convey verbally

10. Communicating through objects
Artifacts
Communicating through objects
Body ornaments
Personal spaces
Kinds of things you surround yourself with

11. The physical features of your environment communicate

12. Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Convey meaning
Express emotion
Present the self
Manage interactions
Define relationships

13. Manage your Nonverbal Communication
Build your active listening skills (pay attention to what your body does)
Know your cultural displays and adapt (culture is important to consider)
Be sensitive to the demands of the situation (use appropriate nonverbal communication)
Verbal and nonverbal communication are counterparts

14. References
Devito, J. (2016). Human communication: The basic course. Boston, MA: Pearson