1. Nonverbal Codes of Communication

2. Types of Nonverbal Codes
What is the focus of each of these nonverbal areas?
Kinesics
Haptics (tactile)
Physical Appearance
Artifacts
Proxemics and Personal Space
Chronemics
Paralanguage

3. Categories of Movement
Emblems-substitute for words or phrases
Illustrators-accompany/reinforce verbal messages
Affect displays-show emotion
Regulators-control flow and pace of communication
Adaptors-typically private, but sometimes public, movements

4. Categories of Space (Proxemics)
Public +12ft
Social 4-12ft
Personal 1.5-4ft
Intimate 0-1.5ft

5. What Space Says Males take more space than females
Distance often communicates the degree of liking between two people
Distance is often greater with strangers, authority figures, high-status people, physically-challenged people, and people of different races
Physical environment can control the space available

6. Haptics Essential to healthy life Confers power and status
Often gender-related

7. The Communication of Touching
People need to be touched
Touch is usually perceived as positive, pleasureful, and reinforcing
Touch varies between and within cultures
Females value touch more than males
Males use touch to indicate power or dominance
Males touch others more than females touch others

8. Types of Vocal Cues (Paralanguage)
Pitch
Rate
Inflection
Volume
Quality
Sounds and silence
Pronunciation
Articulation
Enunciation
What effects do these cues have?

9. Clothes and Artifacts
Communicate age, gender, status, role, socioeconomic class, group memberships, personality, and relation to the opposite sex
Indicate time in history, time of day, and climate
What do your clothes say about you? How do they differ when you are not in class?

10. How to Use Codes Observe, analyze, and interpret behavior
Know usual behavior to compare different behaviors
Behavior across situations
Behavior with different people