1. Nonverbal Communication*
Connecting
through
Nonverbal Communication
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Chapter 5
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2. What is nonverbal communication?*
What is nonverbal communication?
“He that has eyes to see and ears to hear may convince himself that no mortal can keep a secret.
If his lips are silent, he chatters with his finger tips; betrayal oozes out of him at every pore.” --Freud
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3. Nonverbal Communication*
Nonverbal Communication
Behaviors, attributes, or objects (except words) that communicate messages that have social meaning.
Volume
Gestures
Tone of voice
Posture
Facial expressions
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4. What is the relationship between verbal and nonverbal communication?*
What is the relationship between verbal and nonverbal communication?
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Agree or Disagree?
Knapp and Hall found that most people rely more on nonverbal messages.
Nonverbal behaviors are times more powerful in impact compared to the accompanying verbal message.
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6. What are the characteristics of nonverbal communication?*
What are the characteristics of nonverbal communication?
Occurs constantly
Depends on context
More believable than verbal
A primary means of expression
Related to culture
Ambiguous
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So, why study nonverbal communication?
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8. Functions of Nonverbal Communication*
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Complementing verbal behavior
Repeating verbal behavior
Regulating verbal behavior
Substituting for verbal behavior
Deceiving
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Telling the Truth
Why is it or isn’t it ethical to make assumptions about other’s truthfulness based on nonverbals?
What can we do to prevent premature judgment about the truthfulness of other’s nonverbal messages?
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10. Types of Nonverbal Communication*
Types of Nonverbal Communication
Facial expression, body movement
Physical characteristics
Touch
Space
Time
Paralanguage
Silence
Smell
Artifacts
Environment
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11. Eye Behavior - Oculesics*
Eye Behavior - Oculesics
45% of interaction time looking at eyes
We establish relationships with our eyes
Eye behavior:
influences attitude change and persuasion
indicates degree of interest
expresses emotions
regulates interaction
indicates power and status
forms impressions in others
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Facial Expressions
Facial management techniques
Intensifying
Deintensifying
Neutralizing
Masking
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Body Movements
Emblems
Illustrators
Regulators
Affect displays
Adaptors
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14. Physical Characteristics*
Physical Characteristics
Body type, attractiveness, height, weight, hair color, skin tone
What is the role of physical appearance in communication in our culture?
How does physical attractiveness influence communication?
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Touch - Haptics
Functional – professional touch
Social – polite touch
Friendship – warmth touch
Love – intimacy touch
Sexual – arousal touch
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It’s All in the Hands
What can you learn from a handshake?
What does it mean to give a “proper” handshake?
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Space - Proxemics
Proximity Zones
Intimate: 0-18”
Personal: 18” - 4’
Social: 4’-12’
Public: 12’ plus
Territoriality
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Some thirty inches from my nose
The frontier of my Person goes
And all the untilled air between
Is private, if you know what I mean
Stranger, unless with bedroom eyes
I beckon you to fraternize
Beware of rudely crossing it:
I have no gun, but I can spit!
--Auden
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Time - Chronemics
Study of how people perceive, structure, and use time as communication
Time expectations
Time approaches
Looking to the future
Living in the present
Longing for the past
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20. Paralanguage - Vocalics*
Paralanguage - Vocalics
Uh umm like you know
What is paralanguage?
Used more than the words themselves for interpretation of messages
Uh umm like you know
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Silence
What role does silence play in communication?
How comfortable are we with silence in U.S. culture?
“Silence is golden”
Sounds of silence
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Smell - Olfactics
Agree or Disagree?
Americans are the most smell-aversive culture in the world.
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Artifacts
Personal adornments or possessions that communicate information about a person
Clothes, perfume, makeup, eyeglasses, hairstyles, beards, autos, etc.
Artifacts should be consistent with and reinforce our intended messages.
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Environment
Psychological and physical surroundings in which communication occurs
Furniture, architectural design, lighting conditions, temperature, smell, colors, sounds of the location, and the attitudes and perceptions of the participants
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25. Interpreting Nonverbal Communication*
Interpreting Nonverbal Communication
Why do we have such difficulty interpreting nonverbals?
Nonverbal cues have multiple meanings
Nonverbal cues are interdependent
Nonverbal cues are subtle
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26. How do we improve our nonverbal communication effectiveness?*
How do we improve our nonverbal communication effectiveness?
Be observant of nonverbal messages
Don’t jump to conclusions
Use descriptive feedback
Practice self-monitoring
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Implications? So what?
If verbal and nonverbal contradict, people believe nonverbal: reflect and consider your nonverbal communication
Audience: think of what your nonverbal communication says to the speaker
Speaker: read your audience and adapt
Since so much communicative meaning is transmitted through nonverbal behaviors – consider the implication!
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Copyright © Allyn and Bacon 2008