1. Communicating Nonverbally 1Chapter 5

2. Defining Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication – refers to all behaviors (other than the spoken word) that communicate messages and have shared meaning between communicators Chapter 5 2

3. Excludes electronic communication Culturally shared meaning Verbal and nonverbal communication works together to create meaning Interaction Adaptation Theory – individuals simultaneously adapt their communication behaviors to each other Chapter 5 3 Defining Nonverbal Communication

4. Principles of Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication is often ambiguous Nonverbal communication regulates conversations – Turn taking Nonverbal communication is more believable than verbal communication Nonverbal communication may conflict with verbal communication – Mixed messages Chapter 5 4

5. Nonverbal Communication Codes Visual-Auditory Codes – Kinesics – body movement (from the Greek word meaning movement) Delivery gestures Citing gestures Seeking gestures Turn gestures Body orientation Chapter 5 5

6. Visual-Auditory Codes Physical appearance – Physical characteristics – Body artifacts Facial communication – Eye contact – Smiling Chapter 5 6

7. Contact Codes Touch (haptics) – Used for positive affect – Used as a playful function – Used to control or direct behavior – Used for ritualistic or everyday touch – Used for task functions – Used as a hybrid touch – for both greetings and to show affection – Some touches are accidental Chapter 5 7

8. Space or proxemics is the study of how people use distance or space – Personal space is the distance we put between ourselves and others – Expectance-violations theory states that we expect individuals to maintain a certain distance from us when communicating Chapter 5 8 Contact Codes

9. Edward T. Hall’s 4 Types of Personal Distance Intimate distance (0-18”) reserved for intimate relationships Personal distance (18”-4’) reserved for normal conversational distance Social distance (4’-12’) reserved for professional or formal interactions such as business transactions Public distance (12’-25’+) reserved for public audiences Chapter 5 9

10. Proxemics and Territoriality Personal space is the bubble we carry around from interaction to interaction Territoriality is when we claim and defend space as our own – Territory markers Chapter 5 10

11. Place and Time Codes The environment – Color – Lighting – Room design Chronemics (time communication) – Technical time – Formal time – Informal time Chapter 5 11

12. Culture Variations in Nonverbal Communication Kinesics Facial expressions Proxemics Haptics Chapter 5 12

13. Choices for Increasing Nonverbal Effectiveness Recall the nonverbal-verbal relationship Be tentative when interpreting nonverbal behavior Monitor your nonverbal behavior Ask others for their impressions Avoid nonverbal distractions Place nonverbal communication in a context Chapter 5 13