©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 10 Organizing Messages

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Organizing Your Message Focus on your audience:  refine your specific purpose  focus on your thesis statement The first part of a speech you write is the... Introduction Body Conclusion

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Organizing the Main Points Key ideas that support the thesis statement Identified by I., II., III. Limit the number of main points (2-5) One main point = one main idea Parallel structure Equal treatment Keep it simple

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Subpoints and Supporting Points Subpoints are ideas that support the main point  subpoints are identified by A., B., C.  each main point should have 2-5 subpoints Supporting points are ideas that support subpoints  supporting points are identified by 1., 2., 3.  divide supporting points if necessary by a., b., c.

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 9.1: Relationship of Points in Traditional Speech

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Patterns of Organization Time  Based on chronology or a sequence of events Extended narrative  The entire body of the speech is telling a story Spatial  Based on physical space or geography

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Categorical  Based on natural divisions in the subject matter Alphabetical  Spell out word or acronym, e.g., A, B, C, D for skin cancer Problem-solution  Analyzes a problem in terms of harm, significance, and cause; then proposes a solution Stock Issues  Ill, Blame, Cure, Cost Patterns of Organization

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Refutational  1.State the argument 2.State the objection 3.Prove the objection 4.Present the impact Causal  Moves from cause-to-effect or effect-to-cause Patterns of Organization

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Monroe’s motivated sequence  1.Attention 2.Need 3.Satisfaction 4.Visualization 5.Action Patterns of Organization

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Non-traditional Patterns of Organization Wave  Continuously returning to the basic theme, repeating a phrase throughout the speech Spiral  Repeats a certain point but with increasing intensity towards its pinnacle at the conclusion Star  All points are equally important, so order of presentation is insignificant

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 9.2: Wave

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 9.3: Spiral

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 9.4: Star

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction Open with Impact tell a story give a quotation make a startling statement refer to the audience, occasion, or a current event use appropriate humor share personal experience ask a thought-provoking question

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction Focus on thesis statement  review the thesis statement that you have developed  if you don’t want to reveal the thesis this early, indicate the general topic area and an area of common agreement Connect with your audience Preview your speech

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Conclusion Summarize your speech  review briefly and concisely what you told your audience throughout the speech Close with impact  give a quotation  tell a brief anecdote  make a concrete call to action  return to your opening theme

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Putting It All Together Use signposts to make transitions among your main points Prepare a formal outline Prepare speaker’s notes  use a few note cards with key words  use visual aids that reflect the main points

©2006 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 9.5: Speaker’s note cards