1. Invitation to Public Speaking, Fourth Edition
By Cindy L. Griffin
Chapter 8: Organizing and Outlining your Speech

2. Organize for Clarity
Organization: the systematic arrangement of ideas into a coherent whole, makes speeches listenable

3. Main Points Identify main points
Use an appropriate number of main points
Order main points

4. Ordering Main Points Chronological Spatial Causal Problem-Solution
Topical

5. Tips for Preparing Main Points
Keep each main point separate and distinct
Word your main points consistently
Devote the appropriate coverage to each main point

6. Ineffective and Effective Main Points
Ineffective main points
Effective main points
1. Drivers need to know who has the right of way, and a stop sign tells us that.
1. Stop signs assign the right of way to vehicles using an intersection.
2. Stop signs slow down drivers who are traveling at unsafe speeds.
2. Stop signs reduce the problem of speeding in certain areas.
3. Sometimes, pedestrians need protections from vehicles, and stop signs give them that protection
3. Stop signs protect pedestrians in busy intersections of near schools.

7. Tips for Preparing Main Points
Connectives: words and phrases we use to link ideas in a speech
Transitions: phrases that indicate you are finished with one idea and are moving on to a new one

8. Tips for Preparing Main Points
Internal summary: a statement in the body of speech that summarizes a point already discussed
Signpost: a simple word or statement that highlights an important idea or that indicates your location within your speech

9. The Preparation Outline
Main points
Subpoints
Connectives
Conclusion
Source citations
Outline that includes:
Title
Specific purpose
Thesis statement
Introduction

10. Tips for the Preparation Outline
Use complete sentences
Label the introduction, body, conclusion, and connectives
Use a consistent pattern of symbols and indentation

11. Preparation Outline

12. Tips for the Preparation Outline
Divide points into at least two sub-points
Check for balance

13. Main Points

14. The Speaking Outline
Speaking outline (speaking notes): a condensed form of the preparation outline that is used as a memory aid when speaking

15. Tips for the Speaking Outline
Use keywords and phrases
Write clearly and legibly
Add cues for delivery

16. Note Cards
Use keywords and phrases on no more than six lines per note card
Write clearly and legibly
• Use only one side of the card
Number each card
Put cues for delivery
Try not to gesture with them

17. Sample Note Cards

18. Speech Introduction Listen to Brandi’s speech introduction.
Try to outline her introduction according to the guidelines discussed in Chapter 8.
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