1. Developing Introductions and Conclusions
Chapter Nine
Developing Introductions and Conclusions

2. Chapter Nine Table of Contents
The Introduction: Enlisting the Audience
The Conclusion: Making it Motivating and Memorable*

3. Introduction: Enlisting the Audience
Gaining Attention: The First Step
Introducing the Purpose and Topic
Previewing the Main Points
Motivating the Audience to Accept Your Goals*

4. The Introduction: Gaining Attention: The First Step
Tactics
Use a quotation
Pose questions
Say something startling
Use humor
Tell a story
Illuminate with images
Refer to a recent event or person in the public eye
Express interest in the audience*

5. The Introduction: Introducing the Purpose and Topic
Declare what your speech is about and what you hope to accomplish.*

6. The Introduction: Previewing the Main Points
Helps the audience mentally organize your speech.
Helps you keep the audience’s attention.
outline main points and the order in which they will be addressed.*

7. The Introduction: Motivating the Audience to Accept your Goals
Make the Topic Relevant.
connect the topic to the experiences and background of your audience.
Establish Credibility as a Speaker
briefly emphasize some experience, knowledge or perspective you have that is different or more extensive than that of your audience.*

8. The Conclusion: Making it Motivating and Memorable
Alerting the Audience
Summarizing the Main Points and Goals
Leaving the Audience with Something to Think About*

9. The Conclusion: Making it Motivating and Memorable
Provides the final opportunity for the speech to leave the right impression.*

10. The Conclusion: Alerting the Audience
It is your job, as a speaker, to tell the audience where you are in a speech.
transition statements
signpost words and phrases*

11. The Conclusion: Summarizing the Main Points and Goals
Repetition is one of the most effective ways for listeners to remember the key elements of oral communication.
emphasizing the main points three times will help the audience to remember them.
reiterate the topic and purpose.*

12. The Conclusion: Leaving the Audience with Something to Think About
Call to action- a concluding challenge from a speaker to an audience to act in response to the speech.*

13. The Conclusion: Leaving the Audience with Something to Think About
Challenge the Audience to Respond
show the audience members that the problem or issue is real and personally relevant to them.*

14. The Conclusion: Leaving the Audience with Something to Think About
Use Quotations
using a quotation that captures the essence of the speech can be a very effective way to close a speech.*

15. The Conclusion: Leaving the Audience with Something to Think About
Relate a Story
brings the entire speech into focus very effectively
helps the audience visualize the speech.*

16. The Conclusion: Leaving the Audience with Something to Think About
Ask a Rhetorical Question
drives home the speech theme.
effective way to make a speech linger.*