1. STRUCTURING YOUR SPEECH

2. Using Outlines Outline provides a framework Contains your main ideas
Shows how main ideas relate to one another and support your thesis.

3. Working Outline Rough draft of your speech Work in progress
Will move to a formal outline

4. Formal Outline Uses a specific format
Provides a clear structure to a speech

5. Principles of outlining
There are specific rules and principles to follow when constructing an outline
These rules are based on the use of standard symbols and format
Outlines either include full sentences, or keyword statements

6. Standard Symbols A speech outline uses the following symbols:
I. Main point (Roman Numeral)
A. Subpoint (capital letter)
1. Sub-subpoint (standard number)
a. Sub-subsubpoint (lowercase letter)
***The major divisions of the speech—introduction, body and conclusion—are not given symbols

7. The rule of division
Main points and subpoints always represent a division of the whole
you always have to have at least two main points for each topic
***Never a I. without a II., or a 1. without a 2., or an A. without a B.

8. Remember: Make sections equal to one another
The ideal number of main points is three to five
The ideal number of subpoints is also three to five
Each point should include only one idea

9. The rule of parallel wording
Your main points should be worded in a similar or “parallel manner”
Subpoints should also be worded in a parallel manner

10. There are many ways to organize a speech:
Time patterns
Space patterns
Topic patterns
Problem-solving patterns
Cause-effect patterns

11. Motivated Sequence Another way to structure a speech
Variation of the problem-solving pattern
Should be used when constructing a persuasive speech

12. Five steps of the motivated sequence:
Attention Step
The Need Step
The Satisfaction Step
The Visualization Step
The Action Step -

13. Using Transitions Transitions- keep your message moving forward
Take place when moving to a new main point

14. Transitions perform the following functions:
Relate introduction to the body of the speech
Relate one main point to the next main point

15. Effective Transitions should…
Refer to the previous point and to the upcoming point, showing how they relate to one another and support the thesis
Provide smooth connections between two main points

16. In conclusion
It is clear that a formal outline is an important element in constructing a successful speech
Transitions are used to help guide listeners smoothly from one point to the next