REPORTED SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH(INDIRECT SP.)  Indirect Speech (also referred to as 'reported speech') refers to a sentence reporting what someone has said. It is almost always used in spoken English.  If the reporting verb (i.e. said) is in the past, the reported clause will be in a past form. This form is usually one step back into the past from the original.

 He said, "I live in Paris.“ present simple  He said he lived in Paris.  He said, "I am cooking dinner." present con.  He said he was cooking dinner.  He said, "I have visted London twice.present perfect  He said he had visited London twice.  He said, "I went to New York last week.“past simple.. He said he had gone to New York the week before.  He said, "I had already eaten." past perfect  He said he had already eaten  He said, "I am going to find a new job.“going to future  He said he was going to find a new job.  He said, "I will give Jack a call." simple future  He said he would give Jack a call.

EXAPLES  Ali: ‘I don’t like horror films’  Ali said he didn’t like horror film.  Ali says he doesn’t lke horroe films.  Ali said ‘I don’t like horror films ’  ‘ I don’t like horror films ’he said

REPORTING STATEMENTS While reporting the sentences we generally use (tell and say)  He has told me…../I will tell him……We told them…………  He said (that)…… I will say (that)…. OR He said to me …..(not common)

Examples (present tenses and future)  Paul: I am not so keen on to see this film.  Paul says that he is not so keen on to see that film.  Paul has told us he is not so keen on to see that film  Paul will tell you he is not so keen on to see that film.

EXAMPLES(PAST AND PAST PERFECT)  Ayşe :I will help you tomorrow.  Ayşe told me (that) she would help me the following day.  Ayşe had told me……………………………………

TENSE CHANGES in REPORTED SPEECH  ‘’I never get up late’’ >He said that he never got up late.  ‘’I am working on my thesis’’ >He said that he was working on his thesis.  ‘’I have applied for a job.’’ >He said that he had applied for a job.  ‘’I have been working for two hours.’’ >He said that he had been working for two hours.  ‘’I stayed at home last night.’’ >He said that he had stayed at home the previous night.  ‘’I was working in Ankara last year.’’ >He said that he had been working in Ankara the previous year.

 am-is-are going to………………….was-were going to.  Shall-will…………………………..shouldl-would  Should-would……………………...should-would  Can…………………………………could  Must-have to……………………….had to  Don’t have to………………………didn’t have to  Must’t………………………………must’nt  May…………………………………might  Might……………………………….might  Used to……………………………..used to

Expressions of time and place in Reported Speech  Todaythat day  Tonightthat night  Yesterdaythe previous day  Last weekthe previous week  Yesterday morningthe previous morning  Two years agotwo years before-earlier  Tomorrowthe next day  Next weekthe following week  Nowthen-immediately

MORE REPORTING VERBS(EXAMPLES)  Ex’:I didn’t steal the Money’  He denied that he had stolen the Money  Ex:’We will get married as soon as school is over.  They announced that they would get married as soon as school was over.  Ex:’You will really feel comfortable at that hotel’  The travel agent assured us that we would really feel comfortable at that hotel.

 Ex:I will never leave you’  He promised met hat he would never leave me.  Ex:’I killed him last night’  He confessed that he had killed him the previous night.  Ex:’I stayed in Saudi Arabia so I can speak Arabic fluently.’  He boasted that he had stayed in S.A.so he could speak Arabic fluently.

Reporting Verbs  AddShout  BoastYell  AnnounceInform  AnswerReply  DenyAssure  ComplainProtest  PromiseRemind(obj)

REPORTING QUESTIONS  Intead of ‘’say-tell’………  Ask  Wonder  Want to know  Want to learn

Examples  ‘Why didn’t you come to the party’  She asked me why I hadn’t come to the party.  ‘Why are you leaving so early today’  My mother asked me why I was leaving so early that day.  Are you coming with us’  She asked me if I was coming with them.

 ‘Are you coming with us’  She is asking me if I am coming with them.  ‘Why did you refuse my offer’  He has asked me twice why I refused his offer

REPORTING IMPERATIVES  Direct:Study your lessons regularly  Indirect:The teacher told us to study our….  Direct:Don’t try to cheat during the exam.  Indirect:The teacher warned us not to cheat in the exam.

 Direct:Don’t play with the matches.  Indirect:I warned my son not to play with the matches.  Direct:Don’t use my car again.  Indirect:My father ordered me not use his car again.  >OR:My father forbade me to use his car.

 Direct:Don’t forget to phone Ann later today  Indirect:Sue reminded me not to forget to phone Ann later that day.  OR>Sue reminded me to phone…..  Direct:Don’t hit the children  Indirect:His wife begged him not to hit the children.  Direct:Help me please with this heavy suitcase.  Indirect:An old lady requested me to help her….

Reported sp.mixed type  Statement + Statement  Ex:’I have to study hard or I will fail the the test’  She said that she had to study hard or she would fail the test  Ex:’I liked the book but I didn’t like its film version much  She said that she had liked the book but she hadn’t liked its film version much.

 Question + Question  Ex:‘Why are you still at home?Does your lesson start later today?  My mother asked me why I was still at home and if my lesson started later that day.

 Question + Imperative / Imperative + Quesion  Ex:’Why are you still waiting?Start your work without delay  The boss asked the employees why they were still waiting and told them to start their work without delay.  Ex:’Do it as I told you.Do you have any more questions?’  The manager told the secretary to do it as he had told her and asked if she had any more questions.

 Statement + Question / Question + Statement  Ex:’It is very hot in here.Can I open the window?’  I said that it was very hot in there and asked if I could open the window.  Ex:’What time is it?I don’t want to miss the news programme on TV.  She wantwd to know what time it was and said that she didn’t want to miss the news programme on TV.

 Statement + Imperative / Imperative + Statement  Ex:’I am very keen on my freedom.Don’t interfere in my business’.  She told her parents that she was very keen on her freedom and told them not to interfere in her business.  Ex:’Don’t involve me in this case.I don’t want to get into trouble.’  He told us not to involve him in that case and said that he didn’t want to get into trouble.