1. REPORTED SPEECH

2. He said he was feeling ill.
REPORTED SPEECH
What is it ? How do you use it?
He said he was feeling ill.
Where’s Tom?
We use it when we want to tell another person about a conversation that took place in the past (e.g telephone call, news or a story that someone told us, etc.)

3. CHANGES FROM DIRECT TO REPORTED SPEECH:
Verb Tense (when the Reporting Verb is in the Past Tense – most times)
Personal Pronouns, Possessives
(In a logical way, see every sentence)
Demonstratives: This  That
These Those
Time & Place Expressions

4. Verb Tense Changes: ' I know quite a lot of people here.' Robert said.
DIRECT SPEECH REPORTED SPEECH
Verb Tense Changes:
' I know quite a lot of people here.'
Robert said.
Present Simple
Simple Past
He said that he
quite a lot of people there
'John is feeling much better '
Paul said.
Present Continuous
Past Continuous
He said that John much better
' I enjoyed my holiday in the States'
David said.
Past Perfect
He said that he his holiday in the States
'Jackie wasn´t feeling very well '
The teacher said.
Past Perfect Continuous
He said that Jackie
very well
' They‘ve seen the Eiffel Tower '
John said.
Present Perfect
He said that they
the Eiffel Tower
' I have been waiting for ages '
My father said.
Present Perfect Continuous
He said that he
for ages
' Nobody had warned them about the storm ' The politician said.
(No change)
He said that nobody about the storm
' She had been reading all day '
Brenda said.
Past Perfect Continuous
She said that she all day

5. MODAL VERBS: ' I will be here with you.' Robert promised me.
Future Simple
Conditional
Robert promised that he
there with me
'John is going to study French '
Paul said.
Be going to
Was/Were going to
Paul said that John
to study French
MODAL VERBS:
' We can start the lesson'
David said.
Can
Could
David said that we start the lesson
' They may come home '
My husband said.
May
Might
My husband said that they
come home
' You must be quiet in class '
The teacher told us.
‘ I’ll see you later!’ She said.
Must
Will/ Shall
Had to
Would
The teacher told us that we
be quiet in class
She said that she ………..… me later.

6. Changes in Time and Place expressions:
Now
Ago
Then
Before
here
there
today
that day
This town/ garden...
That town/ garden ...
tomorrow
the following day OR the day after
These cities/ ...
Those cities/ ...
yesterday
the previous day OR the day before
last week/ month/ ...
the previous week/ month ... OR the week before
Next week / month/ ...
The following week / month OR the week/ month after

7. Statements are Affirmative or Negative Sentences.
REPORTING STATEMENTS
Statements are Affirmative or Negative Sentences.
We use a Reporting Verb + That (it can be omitted) + Subject + verb in Previous tense + ...
- “The students are tired”- said the teacher
The teacher said (that) the students were tired.
- “It’s the funniest show I’ve ever seen” -Joan told me.
Joan told me (that) it was the funniest show she had ever seen.
- “I’ll call you this afternoon” - Mary assured
Mary assured us (that) she would call us that afternoon.

8. Followed by THAT ( Remember it can be omitted!)
Reporting Verbs:
ADD
ADMIT *
ANSWER
ARGUE
ASSURE
BOAST about *
COMPLAIN to .. About *
DENY *
EXPLAIN
GRUMBLE about *
OBJECT to *
OBSERVE
POINT OUT
PROMISE
PROTEST against /about *
REMARK
REPLY
* These verbs + ing
The most common ones:
TELL + I.O. and SAY
Followed by THAT ( Remember it can be omitted!)

9. Reporting Verb + If or whether + Subject + Verb +...
REPORTING QUESTIONS
A) YES / NO QUESTIONS:
Reporting Verb + If or whether + Subject + Verb +...
(Order of Reported Question:
Subject + Verb - as in Statements)
“Are you working these days?” he said.
He asked if/whether I was working those days. (No Question Mark)
“Did you speak to John last night?” she asked
She wanted to know if I had spoken to J, the night before.

10. ask, wonder, would like/ want to know, …
B) WH- QUESTIONS:
Reporting Verb + Question Word(s) + Subject + Verb
(The Word Order is again the same as in Statements)
“Where did you go last summer?”.
He asked me where I had gone the previous summer.
“How long were you waiting for us?”
She wanted to know how long I had been waiting for them.
Introductory verbs:
ask, wonder, would like/ want to know, …

11. REPORTING COMMANDS (= ORDERS)
The Imperative changes into (Not) To Infinitive:
He said to us: “Stay here” He told us to stay there
The Reporting Verb must indicate “order”:
He said: “Don’t mention that”
He told me not to mention that.
“Say that again”, he said to me
He asked me to say that again.
Reporting Verbs:
Tell,ask, beg, invite, warn, order, command, instruct,...

12. REPORTING SUGGESTIONS:
We normally use suggest + gerund
OR suggest that + Clause
Let’s, why don’t we, shall we, why not… are omitted:
“Let’s go to the theatre”
“Why don’t we go to the theatre?”
“Shall we go to the theatre?”
She suggested going to the theatre
She suggested that we (should) go to the theatre
“Let’s not argue again,” he said.
He suggested not arguing again
He suggested that they should not argue again.

13. beg, ask, demand, request + (not) to
REPORTING REQUESTS
We use these Reporting Verbs:
beg, ask, demand, request + (not) to
(they usually take an Indirect Object)
The word “please” is omitted.
“Can I go out tonight, mum, please?” The boy begged.
The boy begged to go out that night.
“John, don’t open the window, please” I said
I asked /requested/begged John not to open the window.
“Can you let me use your phone, please?” I asked my neighbour.
I asked my neighbour to let me use her phone.
“Can I use your phone?” I asked my neighbour
I asked my neighbour if I could use her phone OR
To use her phone

14. Other Verbs & Structures:
Agree, refuse, offer, promise, threaten
+ To Infinitive:
Ann: Would you wait half an hour?
Tom: All right
Tom agreed to wait half an hour.
Chris: Would you lend me another €50?
David: No, I won´t lend you any more money
David refused ...
Accuse of, admit, apologize for, deny, insist on
+ Gerund
You took my money! He accused her of ...
I didn’t steal it! He denied ...
I am sorry I’m late  She apologized for ...
Let me pay, please  She insisted on ...