1. INDIRECT SPEECH

2. Reported speech
We often tell people what other people have told us. This is called reported or indirect speech. We usually change tenses and references to people, places and times.

3. Speech marks
Note that sentences in direct speech have speech marks “”(inverted commas) “”around the spoken words. Indirect or reported speech does not use speech marks.

4. Speakers in direct speech
Speakers can be mentioned at the beginning or end of the sentence in direct speech.
Jack said, ‘We’re going to miss the train.’
‘We’re going to miss the train,’ said Jack.

5. Speakers in reported speech
Speakers are mentioned at the beginning of the sentence in reported speech.
Jack said (that) they were going to miss the train.

6. Commands and requests
Commands are reported with tell and the infinitive.
‘Wait! Wait!’
I told him to stop.
Requests are reported with ask and the infinitive.
‘Please wait!’
I asked her to wait.

7. Joe said, ‘I love chocolate.’ (Direct Speech)
Change the pronoun
Change the tense
Example 1 :
Joe said, ‘I love chocolate.’ (Direct Speech)
Joe said that he loved chocolate. (Indirect Speech)
Put in ‘that’
Put in ‘that’
Example 2 :
Carman said, ‘I am sick.’ (Direct Speech)
Carman said that she was sick. (Indirect Speech)
Change the pronoun
Change the tense

8. Change the adverb of time
Change the pronoun
Change the tense
Example 3 :
Put in ‘that’
Joe said, ‘I ate some chocolate yesterday.’ (Direct Speech)
Joe said that he had eaten some chocolate the day before. (Indirect Speech)
Change the adverb of time
Example 4 :
Carman said, ‘I was sick last week.’ (Direct Speech)
Carman said that she had been sick the week before. (Indirect Speech)

9. Change the adverb of time
Change the tense
Example 5:
Put in ‘that’
Joe said, ‘Carman is doing homework.’ (Direct Speech)
Joe said that Carman was doing homework. (Indirect Speech)
Change the adverb of time
Example 6 :
Carman said, ‘They will see a film tomorrow.’ (Direct Speech)
Carman said that they would see a film the following day. (Indirect Speech)

10. Change the possessive adjective
Example 7:
Put in ‘that’
Change the pronoun
Joe said, ‘You have not returned the book to me.’ (Direct Speech)
Change the pronoun
Joe said that you/I had not returned the book to him. (Indirect Speech)
Change the tense
Example 8 :
Carman said, ‘You can use my computer.’ (Direct Speech)
Carman said that you/I could use her computer. (Indirect Speech)
Change the possessive adjective

11. How to change the tense:
is/am/are
was/were
do/does not work
did not work
had not worked
is/are working
was/were working
had been working
will/shall work
would work
has/have worked
had worked
can work
could work

12. How to change the pronouns and possessive adjectives:
I/you
he/she
me/you
him/her
my/your
his/her
mine/yours
his/hers
we/you
they
us/you
them
our/your
their
ours/yours
theirs

13. How to change the adverbs of time:
now
then
today
that day
This afternoon
that afternoon
tonight
that night
tomorrow
the following day
yesterday
the day before
next week
the following week
last week
the week before

14. Other changes to make:
this
that
these
those
here
there
come go

15. Yes/no questions
Questions with the answer yes or no are reported using if
‘Does the London train stop here?’ she asked.
She asked me if the London train stopped here.
Note that the question form of the direct speech is not
used in reported speech, as there is no longer a direct
question. There is no question mark.

16. Whether
Whether means if... or not. We use whether when we report questions linked with or.
‘Are you staying the night, or are you going home?’ he asked.
He asked me whether I was staying the night or going home.

17. Wh-questions
Questions beginning when, what, why, where, how, etc. are reported with backshift. The question forms of direct speech are not used, so the subject in bold comes before the verb. There is no question mark.
‘Where is the bus-station?’she asked.
She asked where the bus-station was.
‘Where have you come from?’ he asked.
He asked me where I had come from.

18. Some of the most common Reporting verbs: Reporting verbs include part of the meaning of the words reported.
advise
‘I wouldn’t buy that car, Janos, if I were you.’
I advised Janos not to buy the car.
agree
‘Yes, Jill, I think you’re right,’ said Mike. Mike agreed with Jill.

19. apologize
‘I’m really sorry for being so late,’ said Maria.
Maria apologized for being late.
ask
‘Do you think you could help me, Sue?’
I asked Sue to help me.
congratulate
‘Well done, Tina, you’ve passed the exam!’
I congratulated Tina on passing her exam.

20. decide
‘I’m going to become a doctor!’ said Helen.
Helen decided to become a doctor.
‘I’ll have the fish pie, please,’ said Bill.
Bill decided to have the fish pie.

21. invite
‘Would you like to come to the cinema on Saturday, Pam?’
I invited Pam to the cinema on Saturday.
offer
“Shall I carry your case, Dawn?’ said Peter.
Peter offered to carry Dawn’s case.

22. promise
‘I’ll definitely be home by eight, ‘said Ann.
Ann promised to be home by eight.
‘I’ll wait for you, Helen,’ said Peter.
Peter promised Helen that he would wait for her.
refuse
‘No, I won’t open the door!’ said Carol. Carol refused to open the door.

23. remind
‘Don’t forget to send your mother a birthday card, Joe.’
I reminded Joe to send his mother a birthday card.
suggest
‘How about spending the day at the beach?’ said Carlos.
Carlos suggested spending the day at the beach.

24. NOW YOU TRY))

34. “What do you think about cloning?”

35. “What is the meaning of life?”

36. Who built that enormous bridge? (I wonder...)
Did Benjamin Franklin write 'Poor Richard's Almanac'? (I can't remember ....)
Have they flown an ultralight too? (I don't know ...)
There must be a law which prohibits drunk driving.
Don’t post too much information on social networking.