UNIT 8 Chapter 25 – The Industrial Revolution

CHAPTER 25 The Industrial Revolution, 1700–1900 The Industrial Revolution begins in Britain, spreads to other countries, and has a strong impact on economics, politics, and society. SECTION 1 The Beginnings of Industrialization SECTION 2 CASE STUDY: Industrialization SECTION 3 Industrialization Spreads SECTION 4 Reforming the Industrial World Rail locomotives began connecting U.S. cities in the 1840s, enabling transport of goods between factories, cities, and ports.

OBJECTIVES CORE OBJECTIVE: Trace key events of the Industrial Revolution and analyze how these affected economics and politics. Objective 8.1: Explain the beginnings of the British Industrial revolution and the inventions the furthered it. Objective 8.2: Identify the social and economic effects of industrialization. Objective 8.3: Identify the effects of industrialization on the rest of the world. Objective 8.4: Explain the origins and main concepts of socialism, Marxism, and other 1800s reform movements.

Chapter 25 SECTION 1 – The Beginnings of Industrialization The Industrial Revolution starts in England and soon spreads to other countries.

AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION New Ways of Working Industrial Revolution — greatly increases output of machine-made goods; begins in Britain in1700s Revolution begins in England (Britain) in the middle 1700s The Agricultural Revolution Paves the Way Enclosures — large farm fields enclosed by fences or hedges Wealthy landowners buy, enclose land once owned by village farmers Small land farmers were forced off their land and forced to work as tenant farmers WRITE THIS DOWN!

AG Changes Rotating Crops Enclosures allow experimentation with new agricultural methods Rotating Crops Crop rotation — switching crops each year to avoid depleting the soil Livestock breeders allow only the best to breed, improve food supply Soon the well-fed population of Britain ballooned and demand for goods, such as cloth, would increase

WHY BRITAIN? Why was Britain able to Industrialize? Industrialization — move to machine production of goods Britain has natural resources — coal, iron, rivers, harbors Water and coal powered new machines Iron was used to construct tools, machines, buildings Rivers for inland transportation Britain also had the businesspeople to invest in these Britain also had the needed factors of production — land, labor, capital WRITE THIS DOWN!

Difference between a Weaver & Spinner? Typically, a spinner turns cotton into thread and a weaver turns thread into the finished cloth.

IMPORTANT INVENTIONS The Flying Shuttle; John Kay; 1733 Carried threads of yarn back and forth faster for the weaver to create cloth New Problem: Spinners could not keep pace with Weavers Spinning Jenny; James Hargreaves; 1764 Worker can spin 8 threads at a time Richard Arkwright invents the water frame in 1769 Factories are created on rivers to use river current to power machines

INVENTIONS SPUR FACTORIES WRITE THIS DOWN! Changes in the Textile Industry Weavers work faster with flying shuttles and spinning jennies Water frame uses water power to drive spinning wheels Power loom, spinning mule speed up production, improve quality Factories — buildings that contain machinery for manufacturing Cotton gin boosts American cotton production to meet British demand https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzHD7_dWEik (Eli Whitney)

TRANSPORTATION Watt’s Steam Engine Water Transportation Need for cheap, convenient power spurs development of steam engine James Watt improves steam engine, financed by Matthew Boulton Boulton an entrepreneur — organizes, manages, takes business risks Water Transportation Robert Fulton builds first steamboat, the Clermont, in 1807 England’s water transport improved by system of canals Road Transportation British roads are improved; companies operate them as toll roads WRITE THIS DOWN!

THE RAILWAY AGE Steam-Driven Locomotives In 1804, Richard Trevithick builds first steam-driven locomotive https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pLJaboxC3Do In 1825, George Stephenson builds world’s first railroad line WRITE THIS DOWN!

Transportation Revolution The Liverpool-Manchester Railroad Entrepreneurs build railroad from Liverpool to Manchester Stephenson’s Rocket acknowledged as best locomotive (1829) Railroads Revolutionize Life in Britain Railroads spur industrial growth, create jobs Cheaper transportation boosts many industries; people move to cities WRITE THIS DOWN!

Origins of the French Revolution—Assessment Which of these is NOT a natural resource Britain had for Industrialization? (A) Iron (B) Rivers (C) Capital (D) Coal Which of these is Not a factor of production? (A) Harbors (B) Land (C) Labor (D) Capital

Origins of the French Revolution—Assessment Which of these is NOT a natural resource Britain had for Industrialization? (A) Iron (B) Rivers (C) Capital (D) Coal Which of these is Not a factor of production? (A) Harbors (B) Land (C) Labor (D) Capital

Vocabulary Assessment Urbanization is the (A) Process of work in a society being done by machines (B) Immigration from one country to another (C) Business growth through new inventions (D) Movement of people to cities An economic system in which all means of production are owned by the people. Private property does not exist and goods are shared equally. (A) Capitalism (B) Communism (C) Socialism (D) Feudalism

Vocabulary Assessment Urbanization is the (A) Process of work in a society being done by machines (B) Immigration from one country to another (C) Business growth through new inventions (D) Movement of people to cities An economic system in which all means of production are owned by the people. Private property does not exist and goods are shared equally. (A) Capitalism (B) Communism (C) Socialism (D) Feudalism