Chronic Diseases Chapter 23

Chronic Disease A disease that is not infectious.Can not be transmitted to another person- not contagious A disease that is not infectious.Can not be transmitted to another person- not contagious Usually caused by a risk factor that is behavioral, environmental, or genetic. Usually caused by a risk factor that is behavioral, environmental, or genetic. They persist for a long period or recur throughout life They persist for a long period or recur throughout life Some of these diseases can be prevented, some can not Some of these diseases can be prevented, some can not Many of these diseases have no cure but can be managed Many of these diseases have no cure but can be managed

Causes of noninfectious diseases Genetics: Genetics: Can inherit the gene that causes the disease Can inherit the gene that causes the disease Can be born with it Can be born with it Can be a characteristic that is a risk factor for a particular disease (race, skin color, age, gender) Can be a characteristic that is a risk factor for a particular disease (race, skin color, age, gender) Can not control what we inherit BUT we can be aware of our risks and get early checkups and adjust our lifestyle Can not control what we inherit BUT we can be aware of our risks and get early checkups and adjust our lifestyle

Behavioral Behavioral The way you live your life The way you live your life Your habits – good and bad Your habits – good and bad Diet, exercise, smoking, drugs, wearing sunscreen, stress management, seatbelts, helmets, medical check ups Diet, exercise, smoking, drugs, wearing sunscreen, stress management, seatbelts, helmets, medical check ups Your lifestyle can also be the cause of certain risk factors like obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol Your lifestyle can also be the cause of certain risk factors like obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol

Environment Environment Smog Smog Radiation Radiation Pollution Pollution Lead Lead Asbestos Asbestos Chemical waste Chemical waste X-rays X-rays UV rays UV rays

Common Noninfectious Diseases Allergies Alzheimer’s Asthma Cancer Cardiovascular diseases Muscular Dystrophy Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Arthritis/rheumatoid Parkinson’s disease Cystic Fibrosis Sickle cell anemia Anemia Diabetes type 1 & 2

Cancer A group of diseases that involves the rapid, uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. Harms the body by destroying healthy body tissues. Tumor: an abnormal mass of tissue Tumor: an abnormal mass of tissue Biopsy: procedure done to determine if tumor is cancerous Biopsy: procedure done to determine if tumor is cancerous Malignant – cancerous tumor Malignant – cancerous tumor Benign – non cancerous tumor Benign – non cancerous tumor Metastasis – the spread of cancer from where it first develops to other parts of the body Metastasis – the spread of cancer from where it first develops to other parts of the body

Treatment Surgery – can remove part or all of the malignant tumor Surgery – can remove part or all of the malignant tumor Radiation – can kill cancer cells or slow growth Radiation – can kill cancer cells or slow growth Chemotherapy – chemicals that kills the cells in an effort to kill cancerous ones Chemotherapy – chemicals that kills the cells in an effort to kill cancerous ones

Detecting Cancer Early detection is key to successful treatment. Early detection is key to successful treatment. Regular screenings Regular screenings Know your family health history Know your family health history Avoid behaviors that are associated with cancer: tobacco, high fat diet, UV rays, carcinogens, alcohol, sedentary lifestyle Avoid behaviors that are associated with cancer: tobacco, high fat diet, UV rays, carcinogens, alcohol, sedentary lifestyle

Top 10 Cancers in Women 1. Breast (70% of diagnosed non hereditary) 1:8 2. Lung 3. Colon 4. Uterine 5. Thyroid 6. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 7. Melanoma 8. Ovarian 9. Kidney 10. Pancreatic

Top 10 Cancers in Men 1. Prostate 1:6 2. Lung 3. Colon 4. Bladder 5. Melanoma 6. Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma 7. kidney 8. Oral 9. Leukemia 10. Pancreatic

7 Warning Signs of Cancer C hange in bowel or bladder habits C hange in bowel or bladder habits A sore that doesn’t heal A sore that doesn’t heal U nusual bleeding or discharge U nusual bleeding or discharge T hickening or lump in breast or elsewhere T hickening or lump in breast or elsewhere I ndigestion or difficulty swallowing I ndigestion or difficulty swallowing O bvious change in a wart or mole O bvious change in a wart or mole N agging cough or hoarseness N agging cough or hoarseness

Skin Cancer 3 Types of skin cancer 1. Basal Cell: most common, most treatable 2. Squamous Cell: very treatable but can spread and be deadly 3. Melanoma: Most dangerous, least common

ABCDE’s of Skin Cancer A – asymmetrical B – border irregularities C – color variations D – diameter (bigger than1/4 inch and/or growing rapidly) E – evolving, changing

Protecting Your Skin Always wear sun block, at least 15 SPF Always wear sun block, at least 15 SPF Avoid peak sun hours Avoid peak sun hours Protect your eyes Protect your eyes Be familiar with moles, freckles, and any other skin imperfection Be familiar with moles, freckles, and any other skin imperfection See a dermatologist yearly, especially if skin cancer runs in the family or you spend a lot of time in the sun See a dermatologist yearly, especially if skin cancer runs in the family or you spend a lot of time in the sun

SPF SPF means skin protective factor meaning the degree of which sunscreen protects your skin from direct rays. SPF means skin protective factor meaning the degree of which sunscreen protects your skin from direct rays. An SPF 10 means it protects you from 90% of the direct rays and that if you apply a SPF 10 then theoretically you can lay stay in the sun for 10 hours and get the equivalent of one hour unprotected sun. An SPF 10 means it protects you from 90% of the direct rays and that if you apply a SPF 10 then theoretically you can lay stay in the sun for 10 hours and get the equivalent of one hour unprotected sun. An SPF of 15 gives you 93% protection from the sun, An SPF of 15 gives you 93% protection from the sun, An SPF of 30 gives you 97% as well as SPF 40. An SPF of 30 gives you 97% as well as SPF 40. Apply liberally (1 ounce should cover entire body) and reapply after swimming or excessive sweating. Apply liberally (1 ounce should cover entire body) and reapply after swimming or excessive sweating.

Sunscreen vs Sunblock There are 2 types of rays: There are 2 types of rays: UVA which causes premature aging UVA which causes premature aging UVB causes cancer UVB causes cancer Sunscreen only protects you from UVA Sunscreen only protects you from UVA Sun block protects from both types of rays Sun block protects from both types of rays To protect your skin from both types of rays, look for ingredients: zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and octocrylene To protect your skin from both types of rays, look for ingredients: zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, and octocrylene