Origins of the Cold War CH18-1 pp CH18-1 pp

Former Allies Clash The enemy of my enemy is my friend? The enemy of my enemy is my friend?

United States wanted to… Create a new world order in which all nations had the right to self-determination. Gain access to raw materials and markets for its industries. Rebuild European governments to ensure stability and to create new markets for American goods. Reunite Germany, believing that Europe would be more secure if Germany were productive. Create a new world order in which all nations had the right to self-determination. Gain access to raw materials and markets for its industries. Rebuild European governments to ensure stability and to create new markets for American goods. Reunite Germany, believing that Europe would be more secure if Germany were productive.

The Soviets wanted to … Encourage Communism in other countries as part of the worldwide struggle between workers and the wealthy. Rebuild its war-ravaged economy using Eastern Europe’s industrial equipment and raw materials. Control Eastern Europe to balance U.S. influence in Western Europe. Keep Germany divided and weak so that it would never again threaten the Soviet Union. Encourage Communism in other countries as part of the worldwide struggle between workers and the wealthy. Rebuild its war-ravaged economy using Eastern Europe’s industrial equipment and raw materials. Control Eastern Europe to balance U.S. influence in Western Europe. Keep Germany divided and weak so that it would never again threaten the Soviet Union.

United States wanted… A policy of “containment.” This meant that the U.S. would take measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries. A policy of “containment.” This meant that the U.S. would take measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries.

Soviets wanted… “satellite nations.” This meant that the Soviets would have countries that they would dominate economically and politically. “satellite nations.” This meant that the Soviets would have countries that they would dominate economically and politically.

Truman Doctrine On March 12, 1947 Truman asks Congress for $400 million in economic and military aid for Greece and Turkey to prevent the spread of Communism. “It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” On March 12, 1947 Truman asks Congress for $400 million in economic and military aid for Greece and Turkey to prevent the spread of Communism. “It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.”

Marshall Plan Proposal by George Marshall that the U.S. provide aid to all European nations that needed it. Over the next four years, 16 countries received $13 billion in aid. By 1952, Western Europe was flourishing and the Communist Party had lost its appeal. Proposal by George Marshall that the U.S. provide aid to all European nations that needed it. Over the next four years, 16 countries received $13 billion in aid. By 1952, Western Europe was flourishing and the Communist Party had lost its appeal.

A Divided Germany At the end of WWII, Germany was divided into 4 zones occupied by the U.S., Great Britain, France, and the Soviet Union.

A Divided Berlin The German capital was also divided into 4 zones…but Berlin was in the heart of the Soviet controlled East Germany.

Berlin Blockade Stalin wanted to force western forces out of Berlin. He thought that a blockade of the city would do just that! The 2.1 million residents of West Berlin only had enough food to last for 5 weeks. Stalin wanted to force western forces out of Berlin. He thought that a blockade of the city would do just that! The 2.1 million residents of West Berlin only had enough food to last for 5 weeks.

Operation Vittles: The Berlin Airlift For 327 days, planes took off and landed every few minutes, round the clock. In 277,000 flights, pilots brought in 2.3 million tons of supplies. Those supplies included coal, food, medicine, and even candy! For 327 days, planes took off and landed every few minutes, round the clock. In 277,000 flights, pilots brought in 2.3 million tons of supplies. Those supplies included coal, food, medicine, and even candy!

NATO Alliance The Berlin blockade raised concerns in Western Europe. European countries joined the U.S. and Canada to form a defensive military alliance called the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) on April 4, The Berlin blockade raised concerns in Western Europe. European countries joined the U.S. and Canada to form a defensive military alliance called the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) on April 4, 1949.