1. Chapter 26.1

2. Differences… United States: Democracy Capitalist economy Leaders elected by voting Competing political parties USSR: Communism Government owns all property Government controlled economy Totalitarian government No opposing political parties

3. United Nations Created June 26, 1945 50 nations join Headquarters in New York City, NY Goal : promote and maintain peace around the world

4. Yalta Conference Feb 1945 (end of the war is near) FDR, Churchill, Stalin What are we going to do with Germany? Stalin wants Germany harshly punished (USSR ruined by war), US disagrees but decide to go along because want two things from the USSR 1. USSR to join fight against Japan 2. USSR to support plans for UN after war USSR promises to allow free elections in Poland and other parts of Eastern Europe they controlled

5. Potsdam Conference July 1945, meeting of BIG THREE post war, (US, USSR, GB,) Truman replaced FDR and Clement Attlee replaced Churchill USSR had not kept election promises made at Yalta, US not happy just the beginning of problems USSR wanted Germany to pay money to fix damaged cause during war, Truman objects Decision is made to divide Germany into four sections, ends up becoming East and West Germany West controlled by US, GB, and France (Democratic) East controlled by USSR (Communist) City of Berlin (capital) located in East Germany but also divided into 4 sections (West is Free, East is Communist) “Iron Curtain” (division of Europe) Cold War

7. USSR Satellite Nations  USSR forms its own posse of nations it has control over, spread of communism  Nations USSR controls are called Satellite nations  Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, and Poland

9. US Reaction Feb 1946, adopt Containment policy as suggested by diplomat to USSR (George F. Kennan) Meaning US must prevent Communism from spreading. Leads to Truman Doctrine Truman Doctrine: US would give $400 million in aid to Greece and Turkey (help them fight off communism) and US would do all it could to help those around the world wanting to resist communism.

10. Marshall Plan Western Europe was a disaster, many people living as refugees Marshall Plan Created to help them recover The Plan: US agrees to send financial aid to European countries to help them rebuild Over 4 years US sends 16 countries approx. $13 billion in aid

11. Berlin Airlift US and USSR struggling over control of Germany and Berlin June 1948 Stalin closes all access from East Berlin to West Berlin, no supplies or food could get from East to West (2.1 mill people only had enough food for 5 weeks) Wants to take over all of the city of Berlin US sees way around blockade by flying supplies to West Berlin May 1949 USSR realizes it was beaten and ends blockade

12. NATO Alliance North Atlantic Treaty Organization Created April 4, 1949 Made up of 10 Western European countries, the US and Canada The 12 nations pledge military support to one another in case any member is attacked 1952 Greece and Turkey join 1955 West Germany joins By this point NATO has standing military force of more than 500,000 troops as well as thousands of planes, tanks, and other equipment Cold War has really begun