1. Chapter 18 section 1
Origins of the Cold War

2. What is the Cold War?
State of hostility, without direct military conflict that developed between the United States and the Soviet Union after World War II

3. Where is the beef? Communist: State controls economic activity
Soviet Union
United States
Communist: State controls economic activity
Totalitarian government
Allies with Hitler at one point
Capitalist: Private citizens control the economy
Voting elected a President and congress
Kept atomic bomb secret

4. Aims in Europe (Pg. 604) Soviets Wanted The United States Wanted
Encourage communism in other countries as part of the worldwide struggle between workers and the wealthy
Rebuild its war-ravaged economy using Eastern Europe’s industrial equipment and raw materials
Control Eastern Europe to balance US influence in Western Europe
Keep Germany divided and weak so that it would never threaten the Soviet Union
Create a new world order in which all nations had the right of self-determination
Gain access to raw materials and markets for its industries
Rebuild European governments to ensure stability and to create new markets for American goods
Reunite Germany believing that Europe would be more secure if Germany were productive

5. Leader of the Soviet Union Joseph Stalin (aka Big Joe)
Doesn’t let Poland have democratic elections
Establishes satellite nations :
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
Hungary
Romania
Poland
He also states that “communism and capitalism were incompatible and another war is inevitable”

6. Gives 400 million to Greece and Turkey to resist a communist takeover
Truman Responds
Truman Doctrine: “It must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or outside pressure”
Gives 400 million to Greece and Turkey to resist a communist takeover

7. Marshall Plan
Post World War 2 Europe was dealing with fuel and food shortages and people living in refugee camps. The Marshall Plan gave 13 Billion in aid.

8. The Berlin Airlift
Berlin was split by four countries. The Soviet Unit had a blockade which wouldn’t let food or supplies in. The United States dropped 2.3 billions in supplies, in a total of 277,000 flights. This lasted 327 days until Russia lifted the blockade

9. NATO
The Berlin Blockade increased Western European fear of Soviets. So NATO expanded to include:
Belgium Iceland
Italy Great Britain
Luxemburg France
Denmark Netherlands
Norway Portugal