1. Two Superpowers Face Off

2. Former Allies
The US & Soviet Union were upset with each other because Stalin signed a nonaggression pact with Hitler in 1939 and Stalin blamed the Allies for delaying their invasion until 1944.
50 countries joined the UN.
Permanent members of the Security Council wereBritain, China, France, the US, and Soviet Union.

3. United States
Soviet Union
Encourage democracy in other
countries to help prevent the rise of Communist governments
Encourage communism in other
countries as part of a worldwide workers’ revolution
Gain access to raw materials and markets to fuel booming
industries
Rebuild its war-ravaged economy
using Eastern Europe’s industrial equipment and raw materials.
Rebuild European governments to promote stability and create new
markets for American goods
Control Eastern Europe to protect Soviet borders and balance the US
influence in Western Europe
Reunite Germany to stabilize it and increase the security of Europe
Keep Germany divided to prevent its waging war again

4. USSR
The Eastern European nations surrounding the USSR served as a buffer, or wall of protection.
When Stalin refused to allow free elections he declared that communism & capitalism could not exist in the same world.
The iron curtain represented Europe’s division between Western (democratic) and Eastern (communist) Europe.

5. Soviet Expansion
Containment – a policy directed at blocking Soviet influence and preventing the expansion of communism.
Truman’s support for countries that rejected communism was called the Truman Doctrine.
The Marshall Plan provided food, machines, and other materials to help revitalize Europe’s economy.

6. Berlin
The Soviet Union held West Berlin hostage because they hoped it would frighten Western countries.
America & Britain flew food and supplies into the city and dropped them in for 11 months.

7. Divided War
NATO – North Atlantic Treaty Organization – ten Western European nations joined the US and Canada to form a defensive military alliance.
Warsaw Pact – Soviet Union, Poland, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, & Albania

8. Divided World
The H-bomb was developed and it was stronger than the A-bomb.
Brinkmanship – the US’s willingness to go to the brink of war
ICBM – Intercontinental Ballistic Missile – weapons able to travel across continents
Sputnik 1 – First satellite launched into space by the USSR
U-2 – America’s spy planes