1. Warm Up – November 28
Test Review

2. UNIT 9: THE COLD WAR

3. UNIT 9: The Cold War ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR

4. Former Allies Clash US USSR
Capitalism – private citizens controlled almost all economic activity
POTUS and Congress elected by the people from opposing parties
Furious Stalin supported Hitler for a period of time
USSR
Communist dictatorship – state controlled all property and economic activity
Stalin established a totalitarian government with no opposing parties
Stalin resented the western Allies for waiting so long to attack Germany directly
Frustrated that the US kept the atomic bomb development secret

5. The United Nations
April 25, 1945 – 50 nations met in San Francisco, CA to establish new peace keeping body  June 26, 1945 – United Nations charter signed
Intended to keep peace, but US and USSR used it as a forum to spread influence over others
UN has four goals:
To keep peace throughout the world;
To develop friendly relations among nations;
To help nations work together to improve the lives of poor people, to conquer hunger, disease and illiteracy, and to encourage respect for each other’s rights and freedoms;
To be a center for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve these goals.

6. The Potsdam Conference
July 1945 – Big Three (US, USSR, Britain) met at final wartime conference in Potsdam, Germany
4 things had changed since Yalta Conference in Feb 1945
USSR occupied eastern Europe
New British Prime Minister - Attlee
New POTUS – Truman
US tested atomic bomb
USSR prevented free elections in Poland (violation of Yalta Conference compromises)  Truman angered
Spread of democracy/self-determination in eastern Europe halted
Hard to sell US goods to eastern European countries

7. Stalin and Eastern Europe
USSR felt justified in dominating eastern Europe
Huge war deaths (20M), many civilians
Physical destruction caused by warfare
Wanted to stop future invasions
Stalin set up communist gov’ts in Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Yugoslavia, and Poland  satellite nations (countries dominated by USSR)
1946 – Stalin gives speech
Communism and capitalism incompatible
Another war inevitable

8. Goals: US vs. USSR US USSR Self-determination for all nations
Gain access to raw materials and markets for industries (unrestricted trade)
Rebuild European countries and economies  stability and new markets
Reunite Germany and ensure productivity
USSR
Encourage communism
Rebuild economy using satellite nations’ raw materials
Control eastern Europe to balance US influence in western Europe
Keep Germany divided to prevent future threats

9. Containment and the Iron Curtain
Time to stop “babying the Soviets” – Truman
Feb 1946 – policy of containment – taking measures to prevent any extension of communist rule to other countries
West Europe vs. East Europe = “iron curtain”

10. Cold War
Cold War – conflict between the US and USSR between in which neither nation directly confronted the other on a battlefield

11. Truman Doctrine
US and Britain need to prevent communism in Greece and Turkey, but Britain broke  US takes charge
March 1947, Truman and Congress allocated $400M in economic and military aid to Turkey and Greece
“It must be the policy of the US to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside aggressors.”  Truman Doctrine – policy of providing aid to free nations threatened by internal/external opponents

12. Marshall Plan
European countries in postwar devastation and may look to Stalin for help…
1947, Sec. of State George Marshall  Marshall Plan
US provides aid to all European countries that need it
“not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos.” – Marshall
Revived Europe, by 1952…
16 countries received $13B in aid
Western Europe flourishing, preventing spread of Communism

13. Conflict Over Germany 1948 – 4 sections combined into 2
West Germany (and West Berlin) – US, Britain, France
East Germany (and East Berlin) – USSR
Stalin closed rail access to West Berlin  no food or fuel, enough to last 5 weeks
Berlin Airlift – 327 day operation in which US and British planes flew food and supplies to West Berlin after the Soviet blockade in
277,000 flights
2.3 million tons of supplies

14. NATO Alliance vs. Warsaw Pact
1949
West Germany Federal Republic of Germany (included West Berlin)
East Germany  German Democratic Republic, USSR controlled (included East Berlin)
April 4, 1949 – North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) formed
Belgium, Denmark, France, Britain, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, US, and Canada (later Greece, Turkey, and West Germany)
Pledged military support to each other in the event of an attack
First time in history the US entered a military alliance during peacetime  No more US isolationism!
1955 – Warsaw Pact – military alliance between USSR and 7 eastern European nations

15. TOD – November 28 Answer the following questions on a post it:
1. Term given to the conflict between the US and USSR between in which neither nation directly confronted the other on a battlefield
2. What were the two conflicting political ideologies of the United States and Soviet Union during the Cold War?
3. How did the goals of the United States and Soviet Union differ during the Cold War?
4. What was the Truman Doctrine?
5. What was the Marshall Plan?
6. What two alliances were formed during the Cold War?