Cancer  Cancer-a disease that occurs when abnormal cells grow out of control. The body is made up of more than 50 trillion cells, both normal and abnormal. The body is made up of more than 50 trillion cells, both normal and abnormal. The body’s natural defenses usually destroy abnormal cells, but sometimes they survive and reproduce.The body’s natural defenses usually destroy abnormal cells, but sometimes they survive and reproduce. Tumor-group of abnormal cells that form a mass. Tumor-group of abnormal cells that form a mass. Benign tumor-not cancerous and doesn’t spread.Benign tumor-not cancerous and doesn’t spread. Malignant tumor-is cancerous and may spread to other parts of the body.Malignant tumor-is cancerous and may spread to other parts of the body.

Types of Cancer  Breast cancer Risk factors include: Risk factors include: Family historyFamily history Age; more common in women over 50Age; more common in women over 50 Can occur in younger women and menCan occur in younger women and men Important facts: Important facts: Breast cancer is the second major cause of cancer death among women.Breast cancer is the second major cause of cancer death among women.

Types of Cancer  Reproductive Cancers Risk factors Risk factors AgeAge Family historyFamily history ObesityObesity smokingsmoking Important facts Important facts Females-cervix, ovaries, uterusFemales-cervix, ovaries, uterus Males-prostate gland, testiclesMales-prostate gland, testicles

Types of Cancer  Colon and rectum cancer Risk factors Risk factors High-fat, low-fiber dietHigh-fat, low-fiber diet Sedentary lifestyle (lack of physical activity)Sedentary lifestyle (lack of physical activity) smokingsmoking Important facts Important facts Cases have declined due to increased cancer screening and better treatments.Cases have declined due to increased cancer screening and better treatments.

Types of Cancer  Leukemia Risk factors Risk factors Not known, may be linked to certain types of radiation and chemicals.Not known, may be linked to certain types of radiation and chemicals. Important facts Important facts Causes a rise in abnormal white blood cells.Causes a rise in abnormal white blood cells. Hinders the body’s production of healthy blood cells. Hinders the body’s production of healthy blood cells.

Types of Cancer  Lung cancer Risk factors Risk factors SMOKING!!!!SMOKING!!!! Important facts Important facts This is the largest cause of cancer death.This is the largest cause of cancer death. Nearly 80% of all cases are related to smoking. Nearly 80% of all cases are related to smoking.

Types of Cancer  Lymphoma Risk factors Risk factors Not known but may be exposure to certain infections.Not known but may be exposure to certain infections. Important facts Important facts Weakens the immune system, leaving the body more vulnerable to infection.Weakens the immune system, leaving the body more vulnerable to infection.

Types of Cancer  Skin cancer Risk factors Risk factors Sun exposureSun exposure Light skin, hair, and eye coloringLight skin, hair, and eye coloring Important facts Important facts This is the most common form of cancer in the United States.This is the most common form of cancer in the United States. Some types of skin cancer are easier to treat than others.Some types of skin cancer are easier to treat than others.

Causes of Cancer  Some cancers can be linked to inherited traits, behavior choices and environmental factors.  Carcinogens-are substances in the environment that causes cancer. A person must be exposed to a carcinogen for a long period of time for cancer to develop. A person must be exposed to a carcinogen for a long period of time for cancer to develop. Tobacco - minerals/chemicalsTobacco - minerals/chemicals Ultraviolet rays from the sun -air/water pollutionUltraviolet rays from the sun -air/water pollution Radiation -high fat/low fiber dietRadiation -high fat/low fiber diet

Combating Cancer  Early detection is the key to defeating cancer. Get regular checkups. Get regular checkups. Perform self-examinations. Perform self-examinations. Look for any unusual changes in you body.Look for any unusual changes in you body. Lumps Lumps Moles changing colors or size Moles changing colors or size

What Doctors Can Do  Surgery-is the primary treatment for may types of cancer. Doctors remove the tumors and other cancerous cells. Doctors remove the tumors and other cancerous cells. Most effective when cancer is confined to one area of the body. Most effective when cancer is confined to one area of the body. Used on breast, skin, lung, and colon cancer. Used on breast, skin, lung, and colon cancer.

What Doctors Can Do  Radiation therapy-treatment for some types of cancer that uses X-rays or other forms of radioactivity. Works best when cancer is limited to one area. Works best when cancer is limited to one area. Also used to kill any cancer cells that may remain after surgery. Also used to kill any cancer cells that may remain after surgery.

What Doctors Can Do  Chemotherapy-the use of powerful drugs to destroy cancer cells. Used to stop cancers that have spread throughout the body. Used to stop cancers that have spread throughout the body. Also used to shrink tumors before surgery is performed. Also used to shrink tumors before surgery is performed.

Side Effects  All of the cancer treatments have side effects. The destruction of healthy cells. The destruction of healthy cells. Nausea Nausea Fatigue Fatigue Temporary hair loss Temporary hair loss

What You Can Do  While there are no guaranteed ways to prevent cancer you can make choices to lower the risk of developing cancer by: Avoiding tobacco Avoiding tobacco Take action to detect cancer early Take action to detect cancer early Limit fat intake Limit fat intake Eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Eat more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Go easy on grilled meats Go easy on grilled meats Limit salt intake Limit salt intake

What You Can Do  Limit sun exposure Avoid sun between 10 am and 4 pm UV rays are strongest. Avoid sun between 10 am and 4 pm UV rays are strongest. Wear sunscreen at least SPF 15 Wear sunscreen at least SPF 15  Perform self-exams Breast and testicular monthly Breast and testicular monthly Moles Moles Asymmetry -Border irregularityAsymmetry -Border irregularity Color -DiameterColor -Diameter

What You Can Do  Know the warning signs Change in bowel or bladder habits. Change in bowel or bladder habits. A sore that doesn’t heal. A sore that doesn’t heal. Unusual bleeding or discharge. Unusual bleeding or discharge. Thickening or lump in breast or testicles. Thickening or lump in breast or testicles. Indigestion or difficulty swallowing. Indigestion or difficulty swallowing. Obvious change in wart or mole. Obvious change in wart or mole. Nagging cough or hoarseness. Nagging cough or hoarseness.