Raymond Walters College

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

The Basics Unit One. Origins of Psychology -Roots in ancient philosophy -Socrates – “ know thyself” -Plato – rely on thought and reason -Aristotle – rely.

Advertisements

Schools & Careers. Psychology Today: A Thriving Science and Profession Psychology is the science that studies behavior and the physiological and cognitive.

Psychology as a Science

Contemporary Psychological Perspectives

Introduction and History of Psychology Chapter 1.

© 2012 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Psychology: An Introduction Benjamin Lahey11th Edition Slides by Kimberly Foreman.

Chapter 1 What is Psychology?.

Introduction to Psychology

© 2011 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Chapter 1 What is Psychology?

What is Psychology? chapter 1. Overview The science of psychology What psychologists do chapter 1.

Introducing Psychology

Introduction, History, Perspectives, and Careers Standard SSPFR1.

Module 1: Discovering Psychology Mr. Kennedy 213.

The History of Psychology Phrenology: Different areas of the brain account for specific character and personality traits. Traits were read from bumps on.

Structuralism and Functionalism

Schools of Psychology & Founders. Psychology The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Psychology = the study of the mind and behavior

Copyright McGraw-Hill, Inc Defining Psychology Psychology The scientific study of behavior and mental processes Key terms: Science: psychology.

The Science of Psychology Chapter 1. Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Psychology’s Four Goals 1.Description What is happening?

History of Psychology.

Chapter 1 Introducing Psychology. What is Psychology? The science that seeks to understand behavior and mental processes.

A new science is born Psychology’s intellectual parents were philosophy and physiology Psychology’s founder was Wilhelm Wundt, who set up the first research.

HISTORY & APPROACHES. Psychology has its roots in philosophy and biology. Early “practitioners” were physicians or had background in medicine/biology,

Tuesday, August 25 Objective: Trace the historical and philosophical development of Psychology as a science Assignment: Complete Fields of Psychology chart.

Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e Charles T. Blair-Broeker Randal M. Ernst.

History and Perspectives. Modern Psychology’s Nineteenth-Century Roots.

Contemporary Psychological Perspectives. Psychological Perspectives Method of classifying a collection of ideas Also called “schools of thought” Also.

Introduction, History, The Six Psychological Perspectives.

 Yesterday you learned:  A history of psychology  Schools of Psychology ▪ Structuralism- Wilhelm Wundt ▪ Functionalism- William James ▪ Behaviorism-

Module 1-Introduction and Careers Psychology-The scientific study of behavior and mental processes. –Uses scientific research methods. –Behavior includes.

INTRODUCING PSYCHOLOGY Psychology: scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

What is Psychology? An Introduction to the Study of Human Behavior.

Approaches to Psychology. Historical Approaches Structuralism: Elements of the Mind Wilhelm Wundt Wilhelm Wundt The study of the most basic elements.

What Psychologists Do  Some psychologists research, others consult – or apply psychological knowledge in therapy, and others teach  Clinical Psychologists.

Psychology Chapter 1: What is Psychology? Section 1: The Science of Psychology.

© Richard Goldman September 18, 2006

Chapter 1 Introduction and History of Psychology.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 1 Introduction and History of Psychology.

History of Psychology. Ancient Egypt Egypt showed evidence of brain surgery as early as 3,000 B.C. in papyrus writings found in Egypt. “Brain,” the actual.

Introduction to Psychology Module 2 Notes. Psychological Perspectives -Method of classifying a collection of ideas Also called “schools of thought” Also.

A Brief History of Psychology

History of Psychology.

Modern Psychology Perspectives

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Chapter 1 Introduction and History of Psychology.

Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior Charles T. Blair-Broeker Randal M. Ernst.

Background of Psychology Quick Historical Overview.

Introduction, History, The Six Psychological Perspectives

Chapter 1 Intro to Psychology. Why Study Psychology?

Schools of thought in psychology.  Early roots in ancient Greek philosophy introspection: “know thyself” (Socrates) associationism (roots of learning.

Set up the first psychology laboratory in an apartment near Leipzig, Germany. Wilhelm Wundt.

Psychology as a Science Module 1 History & Perspectives of Psychology.

History of Psychology Learning Target: Define psychology and trace its historical development.

Psychology Chapter 1 Review. Which psychologist introduced reinforcement?

PSY 5609 INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY Introduction Blackboard Course Outline Questions.

Introduction to the Perspectives of Psychology

First Six Weeks Exam Review

What is Psychology. What is Psychology?  Definition : The scientific study of behavior and mental processes  Uses scientific research methods.  Behavior.

The History and the Scope of Psychology

Unit 1: History of Psychology and Research Methods

Chapter 1 WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY

Psychology The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

History of Psychology.

History of Psychology and Contemporary Perspectives

History of Psychology.

Chapter 1 What is Psychology?.

Approaches to Psychology

Schools of thought in psychology

Psychology: The scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Approaches to Psychology

Presentation transcript:

Raymond Walters College PowerPoint Presentations for Passer/Smith Psychology: Frontiers and Applications by David K. Jones Westminster College And Diane Feibel,Ed.D. Raymond Walters College

PowerPoint Presentations for: Passer/Smith Psychology: Frontiers and Applications Chapter 1 Psychology: The Science of Behavior

What is Psychology? Scientific study of: Behavior Factors that influence behavior

What is Psychology? Behavior Causes of Behavior Observable behavior and inner processes Thoughts Feelings Images Physiological reactions Causes of Behavior Biological factors Psychological factors Environmental factors

Research Methods Basic research Applied research Describe behavior and identify factors influencing or causing behavior Applied research Designed to solve specific practical problems

Basic and Applied Research Robber’s Cave Study (Sherif et al., 1961) Basic research findings: Competition breeds hostility Conflict decreased by increasing group interdependence

Basic and Applied Research Application of Sherif’s work to Jigsaw Classrooms (Aronson et al., 1978) Requires cooperation between multiethnic groups to succeed at educational tasks

Goals of Psychology Describe behavior Understand behavior Predict behavior under certain conditions Control or influence behavior

Perspectives on Behavior Biological Cognitive Psychodynamic Humanistic Behavioral Sociocultural

The Biological Perspective Emphasizes roles of: Brain processes Biochemical processes Genetic factors

The Biological Perspective Mind-body dualism Mind is a spiritual entity Mind is not subject to physical laws Monism Mental events are a product of physical events

The Biological Perspective Luigi Galvani’s work Severed leg of frog moved if an electrical current was applied Supports monism Luigi Galvani: http://www.epub.org.br/cm/n06/historia/bioelectr2_i.htm

The Biological Perspective: The Evolutionary Approach Natural selection Inheritable characteristics increasing likelihood of survival will be maintained in a species.

The Biological Perspective: Sociobiology Natural selection favors complex social behaviors that increase the ability to pass on one’s genes to the next generation. Aggression, competition, dominance in males Cooperative, nurturing behavior in females

The Biological Perspective Identical twins are more similar than fraternal twins. Even when reared in different homes.

The Cognitive Perspective Humans are: Information processors Problem solvers

The Cognitive Perspective Structuralism Sensations are basic elements of consciousness Sensations are studied through introspection Functionalism Psychology should study the functions of behavior Wilhelm Wundt: http://www.indiana.edu/~intell/wundt.html William James: http://www.tekdok.com/James/jamesint.htm

Gestalt Psychology Concerned with how elements of experience are organized into wholes

Modern Cognitive Science Artificial Intelligence Computer models and “expert” systems Cognitive Neuroscience Electrical recording and brain imaging Social constructivism “Reality” is our own mental creation

The Psychodynamic Perspective Emphasizes roles of: Unconscious processes Unresolved past conflicts Sigmund Freud

The Psychodynamic Perspective Freud’s influence on contemporary psychology Brain mechanisms for conscious experience of emotions have been discovered (LeDoux, 1996) Many aspects of information processing outside awareness have been found (Wegner, 2000)

The Behavioral Perspective Focuses on the role of the external environment in shaping and governing behavior Emphasis is placed on the effects of rewards and punishments

The Behavioral Perspective Radical Behaviorism Behavior can be controlled completely by manipulating the environment. B.F. Skinner: http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/skinner.html

The Behavioral Perspective Cognitive behaviorism We learn new behaviors by observing the actions of others. Our mental abilities influence our environment Environment Person

The Humanistic Perspective Emphasizes: Conscious motives Freedom Choice Self-actualization The reaching of one’s individual potential

The Sociocultural Perspective Focuses on: The manner in which culture is transmitted to its members Similarities and differences between people in different cultures

The Sociocultural Perspective Individualism Emphasis is on personal goals and self-identity is based on one’s own attributes and achievements Characteristic of North America and Northern Europe Collectivism Individual goals are subordinated to the group and personal identity is defined by ties to family Characteristic of Asia, Africa, and South America

Integrating the Perspectives Three levels of analysis for understanding behavior Biological level of analysis Brain processes, hormones, genetic factors Psychological level of analysis For example, cognitive and psychodynamic perspectives Environmental level of analysis Using the behavioral and sociocultural perspectives