1. First Six Weeks Exam Review

2. What is Psychology?

3. Psychology: the study of the human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behavior in a specific context.

4. What are the Goals of Psychology? Chapter 1 Section 1 (p. 7-13)

5. Description
Explanation
Prediction
Influence

6. Which Goal?
A psychologist develops a hypothesis, or an assumption about behavior that will be tested through scientific research.

7. Prediction

8. Which Goal?
A psychologist takes careful notes on the behavior of rats as they complete a maze.

9. Description

10. Which Goal?
Behavioral psychologists develop a theory that the environment and not emotion or cognitive processes are what influence human behavior.

11. Explanation

12. Which Goal?
The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services develops MyPlate.gov to provide tips for healthy eating for both kids and adults.

13. Influence

14. History of Psychology Chapter 1 Section 2 (p. 14-16)
Historical Approaches:
Phrenology
Dualism
Structuralism
Functionalism

15. Phrenology Shape of the head directly affects intellect and behavior.
Pseudoscience justified racism and imperialism.

16. Dualism
The mind is separate from the brain and body.

17. Structuralism
first modern school of psychology focused on breaking down mental processes into basic parts.

18. Structuralism
Wilhelm Wundt and Edward Titchener divided consciousness into sensations, images and affections (emotions related to sensory images).

19. Functionalism
The study of how animals and humans adapt to their environments.
Study of the function (rather than structure) of consciousness and of human behavior.

20. Functionalism William James (1842 – 1910)
“Father of psychology” in the United States
Proponent of functionalism.

21. Contemporary Approaches
Chapter 1 Section 2 (p )
Study your chart!

22. Contemporary Approaches
Which Approach is described?
Psychoanalytic
Behavioral
Humanistic
Cognitive
Biological
Sociocultural

23. Which Approach?
Events in the environment (rewards and punishments) influence our behavior.

24. Behavioral
Events in the environment (rewards and punishments) influence our behavior.

25. Which Approach?
Unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior.

26. Psychoanalytic
Unconscious motives and conflicts determine human behavior.

27. Which Approach?
Sigmund Freud Carl Jung

28. Psychoanalytic
Sigmund Freud Carl Jung

29. Which Approach?
Ivan Pavlov John B. Watson B.F. Skinner

30. Behavioral
Ivan Pavlov John B. Watson B.F. Skinner

31. Which Approach?
Each person has freedom in determining their future. Individual choices influence behavior.

32. Humanistic
Each person has freedom in determining their future. Individual choices influence behavior.

33. Which Approach?
Physical and chemical changes (biological factors) in our bodies influence behavior.

34. Biological
Physical and chemical changes (biological factors) in our bodies influence behavior.

35. Which Approach?
Abraham Maslow Carl Rogers Rollo May

36. Humanistic
Abraham Maslow Carl Rogers Rollo May

37. Which Approach?
How humans process, store and retrieve information influences their behavior.

38. Cognitive
How humans process, store and retrieve information influences their behavior.

39. Which Approach?
Jean Piaget Noam Chomsky

40. Cognitive
Jean Piaget Noam Chomsky

41. Which Approach?
Ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status influence human behavior.

42. Sociocultural
Ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status influence human behavior.

43. Research Methods Chapter 2 Section 1 (p. 35-41)
Study your lecture notes!

44. Research Terms to Know
an explanation using an integrated set of principles that organizes and predicts observations

45. Research Terms to Know
Theory

46. Research Terms to Know
a testable prediction, often implied by a theory

47. Research Terms to Know
Hypothesis

48. Research Terms to Know
retesting the same subjects over many years

49. Research Terms to Know
Longitudinal Study

50. Research Terms to Know
comparing a variety of subjects at one time

51. Research Terms to Know
Cross-sectional Study

52. Types of Research Naturalistic Observation Case Study Survey
Experiment

53. Which Type of Research?
The investigator manipulates variables

54. Which Type of Research?
Experiment

55. Which Type of Research?
One person is studied in depth.

56. Which Type of Research?
Case Study

57. Which Type of Research?
Observing and recording behavior without trying to control the situation.

58. Which Type of Research?
Naturalistic Observation

59. Which Type of Research?
Questioning a random sample to collect self-reported attitudes or behaviors.

60. Which Type of Research?
Survey

61. What is a Correlation? Two sets of data that are related.
Positive or negative.
Correlation is NOT causation.

62. Scientific Method
Step 1. Ask a Research Question Step 2. Form a Hypothesis Step 3. Determine Variables Step 4. Experiment/Test Experimental Group Vs. Control Group Measure the difference Step 5. Compare Measurements Step 6. Interpret Results and Draw Conclusions