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Chapter 1 What is Psychology?.

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1 Chapter 1 What is Psychology?

2 Chapter Preview Defining Psychology
Psychology in Historical Perspective Contemporary Approaches to Psychology What Psychologists Do Science of Psychology and Health and Wellness

3 Psychology: Defined Psychology is the scientific study of
behavior and mental processes. Three Key Components science – systematic methods behavior – what can be directly observed mental processes – thoughts, feelings, motives

4 Science of Psychology Critical Thinking Skepticism Objectivity
Curiosity 4

5 History of Psychology Western Philosophy Biology and Physiology
Wilhelm Wundt ( ) 1879 – established 1st psychology lab

6 Wundt’s Structuralism
identified structures of the mind introspection systematic, detailed self-reports IM: Structuralism Activity

7 James’ Functionalism identified the functions and purposes of the mind
stream of consciousness human interactions with outside world why is human thought adaptive? IM: Functionalism Activity

8 Psychology and Evolution
Charles Darwin On the Origin of Species, 1859 Natural Selection competition for resources genetic characteristics that promote reproduction and survival are favored environmental changes alter course of evolution IM: Activity Handout 1.2: To Be Extinct or Not

9 Contemporary Approaches
Current Psychological Perspectives Biological Behavioral Psychodynamic Humanistic Cognitive Evolutionary Sociocultural Note: It is important to stress early and often that these approaches are complementary, not contradictory… that they really represent different levels of analysis.

10 The biological approach focuses on the brain and nervous system.
Neuroscience study of the structure, function, development, genetics, biochemistry of the nervous system thoughts and emotions have physical basis in brain allowed psychologists to better understand the brain

11 Behavioral Approach Notable Behaviorists
The behavioral approach focuses on the environmental determinants of observable behavior. Notable Behaviorists John Watson B.F. Skinner rejected thought processes

12 Psychodynamic Approach
Psychodynamics emphasizes unconscious thought conflict between biological drives and demands of society early childhood family experiences Psychoanalysis - Freud

13 Humanistic Approach Humanists emphasize Humanistic Theorists
positive human qualities capacity for positive growth free will Humanistic Theorists Carl Rogers Abraham Maslow

14 Cognitive Approach The cognitive approach emphasizes the
mental processes involved in knowing. Information Processing …how humans interpret incoming info, weigh it, store it, and apply it

15 Evolutionary Approach
The evolutionary approach uses ideas such as adaptation, reproduction, and natural selection to explain human behavior. Evolutionary Psychologists David Buss Leda Cosmides

16 Sociocultural Approach
examines how social and cultural environments influence behavior and mental processes studies differences between ethnic and cultural groups within and across countries

17 Career Settings in Psychology

18 Areas of Specialization
Physiological Psych / Behavioral Neuroscience Sensation and Perception Learning Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Motivation & Emotion Psychology of Women & Gender Personality Psychology Social Psychology Industrial / Organizational Psychology Clinical & Counseling Psychology Health Psychology Activity/Demonstration: It might be helpful to invite a few colleagues or professional in to your class to discuss their area of specialization and/or career Note: Instructors might either delete and/or elaborate on these areas of specialization

19 Areas of Specialization
Also (but not addressed in text beyond this chapter) Community Psychology School & Educational Psychology Environmental Psychology Forensic Psychology Sport Psychology Cross-Cultural Psychology Activity/Demonstration: It might be helpful to invite a few colleagues or professional in to your class to discuss their area of specialization and/or career Note: Instructors might either delete and/or elaborate on these areas of specialization 19

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