What do you think of when you hear, “The Cold War” Warm Up: What do you think of when you hear, “The Cold War”

Chapter 15 The Cold War Begins

The Iron Curtain Falls on Europe Section 1 The Iron Curtain Falls on Europe

Causes of the Cold War Philosophical Differences Soviet Union: communism, totalitarian dictatorship United States: free enterprise capitalism, republic

Causes of the Cold War World War II Conflicts Soviets wanted British and Americans to open a second front early in the war United States secretly developed the atomic bomb

Causes of the Cold War Postwar Conflicts Soviet Union failed to live up to wartime promise of elections in Eastern Europe United States made efforts to resists Soviet Expansion

The Cold War The Cold War - An era of high tension between the United States and the Soviet Union

Iron Curtain After World War II, Soviet armies occupied Eastern Europe USSR set up communist regimes in the occupied nations “Iron Curtain” divided Europe

American Response Containment Policy - the U.S. should resists Soviet efforts of expansion Truman Doctrine - provide financial aid to nations resisting communist expansion - First applied to Greece and Turkey

American Response Marshall Plan – financial aid to European nations to help Europe rebuild from destruction of World War II 1948-1951, the U.S. spent $13 billion in 17 nations Effects Helped rebuild European economy Provided a market for American goods Helped win support of European nations

Germany Postwar Germany was divided East controlled by Soviet Union West controlled by U.S., Great Britain and France Berlin located in East Germany, was divided in the same manner

Crisis in Berlin The USSR did not like having a Western style government and economy in the middle of East Germany Blocked road, river and rail traffic to west Berlin in 1948 Residents without food, coal, basic necessities

Berlin Airlift 1948-1949 Berlin Airlift - British and American airplanes began making nonstop deliveries Planes flew 7,000 tons of supplies a day Land, unload, take off After almost a year, the Soviet Union lifted the blockade

NATO Democracies of Europe knew they would be no match for massive Soviet armies Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, and the U.K created an common defense alliance in 1948 U.S., Canada, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Norway & Portugal joined the alliance in 1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) An attack on one member nation was considered an attack on all Greece, Turkey & West Germany joined in the 1950’s Today, there are 26 member nations