1. The End of WWII
Ch. 14 Section 5

3. I. The Aftermath Most of Europe remained in ruins.
14,621,000 soldiers dead worldwide
17,168,780 civilians dead worldwide
Hunger, disease, and mental illness continued for at least 10 years after.

4. The Aftermath
Allied soldiers came face to face with the horrors of the Holocaust.
War Crimes Trials:
Allies tried Axis leaders for “crimes against humanity”.
Nuremberg Trials in Germany: 200 Germans and Austrians tried.
** Showed that political and military leaders are accountable for their actions in wartime.

5. The Aftermath Germany was occupied by the Allies.
Japan was occupied by the U.S. in order help create a democracy.

6. II. Establishing the United Nations
April 1945:
50 nations gathered in San Francisco, CA to draft a charter for the United Nations.
A peace organization that strives to prevent wars, aid refugees, control disease outbreaks and end hunger.
General Assembly: each member nation has one vote.
Security Council: 5 permanent members with much more power:
The U.S., Britain, Russia, China, and France.

7. The United Nations: The U.N. Flag U.N. soldiers U.N. Headquarters in
Manhattan- considered
“international territory”

8. The United Nations:
The Security Council
The General Assembly

9. The Alliance Breaks Apart
Cold War: a state of political and military tension between the Western democracies and the Communist East.

10. The Soviet (Eastern) Bloc

11. The Truman Doctrine
The policy that the United States would contain communism (keep it from spreading) by supporting any free peoples who were resisting communism in their country.

12. The Marshall Plan
A massive aid package (food and money) from the United States, given to war-torn European nations.
WHY to these nations?
The U.S. offered help to Stalin’s eastern satellite states, but Stalin declined the help.

13. The Marshall Plan:

14. The Marshall Plan:

15. The Berlin Airlift: The Marshall Plan in action
June 1948: Stalin resented American aid, and closed off the city of Berlin to prevent U.S. entry.
American cargo planes dropped food and fuel packages on West Berlin for more than a year, every day.

16. The Berlin Airlift and “Operation Vittles”

17. New Alliances Form
1949: The U.S., Canada, and 10 other countries formed NATO- The North Atlantic Treaty Organization.
Promise to defend each other if one is attacked.
In response, the USSR formed the Warsaw Pact in 1955 with 7 of its satellite states.
More for the USSR to keep its satellite states in check.

18. New Alliances NATO: The Warsaw Pact: Albania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia
Belgium
Canada
Denmark
France
Iceland
Italy
Luxembourg
Netherlands
Norway
Portugal
U.K.
USA
Greece
Turkey
West Germany
Spain
The Warsaw Pact:
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
East Germany
Hungary
Poland
Romania
The Soviet Union
* Fell apart in 1991; most of these nations later joined NATO