1. The Division of Germany and Berlin But first… A look back at decisions made at Yalta 26-1 The Origins of the Cold War WRITE ON BACK of Note Page: Cold War = State of hostility between the Soviet Union and the U.S but without direct military action

2. Cause: Soviet Leader Joseph Stalin refused free elections in Eastern Europe and set up Satellite nations

3. Soviet & Eastern Bloc Nations [“Iron Curtain”] US & the Western Democracies GOAL  spread world- wide Communism GOAL  “Containment” of Communism & the eventual collapse of the Communist world. [George Kennan] METHODOLOGIES: 1.Espionage [KGB vs. CIA] 2.Arms Race [nuclear escalation] 3.Ideological Competition for the minds and hearts of Third World peoples [Communist govt. & command economy vs. democratic govt. & capitalist economy]  “proxy wars” 4.Bi-Polarization of Europe [NATO vs. Warsaw Pact] 1.US Action = Policy of Containment to block further soviet expansion

4. 2. US Action = Truman Doctrine: U.S. will support any free country resisting soviet take- over March 12, 1947 Greece and Turkey in danger of falling to communist insurgents Truman requests $400 million from Congress in aid to both countries. Successful effort

5. Cause: Soviet Action- Soviets blockade Berlin for almost a year 3. Effect: Berlin Airlift (1948-49) Blockade of Berlin began on June 24, ’48 From June 1948 to May 1949, U.S. and British planes airlift 1.5 million tons of supplies to the residents of West Berlin. After 200,000 flights, the Soviet Union lifts the blockade.

6. 4: Another Effect: North Atlantic Treaty Organization (1949) is formed  United States  Belgium  Britain  Canada  Denmark  France  Iceland  Italy  Luxemburg  Netherlands  Norway  Portugal  1952: Greece & Turkey  1955: West Germany  1983: Spain U.S. joins other Western European nations in creating NATO, a defensive military alliance

7. Marshall Plan [1948] 1.“European Recovery Program.” 2.Secretary of State, George Marshall 3.The U. S. should provide aid to all European nations that need it. This move is not against any country or doctrine, but against hunger, poverty, desperation, and chaos. 4.$12.5 billion of US aid to Western Europe extended to Eastern Europe & USSR, [but this was rejected].