Educated in the United States. leads of the Pan-African Congress. Linked educated groups of Africans together. (activists, writers, artists) to fight.

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Presentation transcript:

Educated in the United States. leads of the Pan-African Congress. Linked educated groups of Africans together. (activists, writers, artists) to fight for Independence in Africa creates the Convention Peoples Party.

common goals = the unity of Africans elimination of colonialism and white supremacy from the continent. However, the meaning of leadership, kinds of government, and regional interests differed

Nkrumah was made president by the British. He then declares The Gold Coast colony independent in Renames it GHANA (refers back to ancient African Kingdom). First Conference of Independent African States, in Ghana. United States of Africa. model for the rest of African Independence movements. Non-Alignment Movement 1960 declares Ghana a Republic.

African Socialism Combination of modern growth and traditional values. Seven Year Plan. Government controls all economic markets monopolies on crops. rural based economies to industrialization. How did Nkrumah help create a new national identity for Ghanaians?

1964 declares himself President for Life -> dictatorship! While Nkrumah visits North Korea his military stages a coup de tat forces Nkrumah into exile. Dies in exile but buried in Ghana. Constitution written in Democracy today.

Born into a small and non- important tribe. WAS NOT educated in the West. Leads the Congolese National Movement Party. Takes part in All-African People's Conference in Accra, Ghana. Buddies with Nkrumah. June 23, 1960 Independence from the Belgians.

Three days after independence part of the army rebels. Lumumba is killed. Lots of war. the country renamed Zaire. Lots of ethnic wars. Renamed Democratic Republic of Congo 2005: Constitution is written.

Union of South Africa Self-governing part of the British Empire. Made up of 4 British Colonies. Constitution= power to the Whites. African National Congress Get rid of practices based on race. Blacks want representation in South African Parliament 1960s, the ANC and Pan- African Congress (PAC) were banned.

Independence =1961 Republic of South Africa. Continue to use racist policies. Protest in Sharpeville Nelson Mandela arrested and thrown in jail.

Propaganda against Apartheid in 1988.

Educated Tribal Elite joined the African National Congress. = Non-Violent Protests Later proposes a violent branch of the ANC. Arrested in thrown into prison for 27 years.

1991 Apartheid is officially abolished. ANC allowed back. Mandela released from prison Constitution written. Nelson Mandala is elected President. nonracial elections were held on April, New Constitution dedicated to reforming the nation. Mandela steps down from power.

parliamentary democracy constitutional power is shared between the president and the Parliament.