1. African Nations Gain Independence After WWII almost all African nations gained independence from European powers

2. Africa Independence

3. Decolonization Ghana Ghana Kenya Kenya French Africa French Africa

4. Ghana The GOLD COAST becomes the first British colony to achieve independence in 1957 The GOLD COAST becomes the first British colony to achieve independence in 1957 Kwame Nkrumah organizes the Convention People’s Party…leads strikes and protests vs British Kwame Nkrumah organizes the Convention People’s Party…leads strikes and protests vs British Nkrumah jailed Nkrumah jailed British eventually agree to independence in 1957 British eventually agree to independence in 1957 GOLD COAST becomes GHANA GOLD COAST becomes GHANA

6. Kenya Conflict between white farmers and Kikuyu farmers…Kikuyu want their ancient land back Conflict between white farmers and Kikuyu farmers…Kikuyu want their ancient land back Jomo Kenyatta leads Kikuyu movement Jomo Kenyatta leads Kikuyu movement Kikuyus become violent…form Mau Mau violent movement…murder anyone who supports white farmers Kikuyus become violent…form Mau Mau violent movement…murder anyone who supports white farmers British also commit atrocities British also commit atrocities Kenya becomes independent in 1963 Kenya becomes independent in 1963

7. Mau Mau

8. French Africa France treat their colonies differently than Britain France treat their colonies differently than Britain Allow them to vote whether they want to become part of the French empire Allow them to vote whether they want to become part of the French empire Most vote to join France Most vote to join France Subsequently, France grants independence Subsequently, France grants independence

9. Portuguese and Belgian Colonies Very difficult transition to independence…they didn’t want to give up their colonies Very difficult transition to independence…they didn’t want to give up their colonies Belgium withdraws from the Congo in 1960…but Belgian settlers murdered by African nationalists Belgium withdraws from the Congo in 1960…but Belgian settlers murdered by African nationalists Portugal holds onto colonies such as Angola, Guinea, and Mozambique..bloody civil wars result. Portugal holds onto colonies such as Angola, Guinea, and Mozambique..bloody civil wars result. Portugal withdraws in 1974 Portugal withdraws in 1974

10. South Africa and Apartheid South Africa in the early 1900s run by Dutch settlers called Afrikaners. They discriminate against blacks and “coloreds” South Africa in the early 1900s run by Dutch settlers called Afrikaners. They discriminate against blacks and “coloreds” Systematic discrimination laws passed called APARTHEID Systematic discrimination laws passed called APARTHEID Four racial groups = white, black, colored, Asian Four racial groups = white, black, colored, Asian Non whites must carry passbooks Non whites must carry passbooks Only whites can hold office or vote Only whites can hold office or vote

11. South African Homelands Blacks required to live in poor areas called homelands Blacks required to live in poor areas called homelands Poor farmland….no resources there Poor farmland….no resources there Black workers forced to migrate to work…can’t bring their families Black workers forced to migrate to work…can’t bring their families

12. South Africa Political Challenges African National Congress formed to protest apartheid rule African National Congress formed to protest apartheid rule Nelson Mandela organizes ANC to break apartheid laws Nelson Mandela organizes ANC to break apartheid laws Sharpeville Massacre: 1960 police kill 60 peaceful protests Sharpeville Massacre: 1960 police kill 60 peaceful protests ANC protestors become violent - Soweto Uprising…1976…600 people killed and 4,000 wounded ANC protestors become violent - Soweto Uprising…1976…600 people killed and 4,000 wounded

13. Mandela Mandela jailed for leading protests against government

14. Democracy in South Africa FW de Klerk becomes president in 1990 FW de Klerk becomes president in 1990 Legalizes the ANC and releases Mandela..abolishes homelands Legalizes the ANC and releases Mandela..abolishes homelands

15. Document Based Question Interpret each picture or document Interpret each picture or document Write a thesis statement Write a thesis statement