14.3 – England & France Develop

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Presentation transcript:

14.3 – England & France Develop

England: Invasions Invaders from the North Danes & Vikings Alfred the Great is successful in defeating invasions 1016: Conquered by the Danes Unites Angles, Saxons, & Vikings in England 1/1066: King Edward dies = struggle for the throne

Norman Conquest – 1066 William (Norman) & Harold (Anglo-Saxon) fight over the throne Normans spoke French, descendants of Vikings 10/14/1066 – Battle of Hastings William defeats Harold (killed), earns “The Conqueror” William unifies control of England & creates a centralized government

Expansion Goals of English Kings 1) Add to French lands 2) Strengthen power over nobles & the Church Henry II expands French lands by marrying Eleanor of Aquitaine Vassal to the French King Henry II uses judges to enforce laws; introduces juries Court rulings develop common law – unified body of law Basis for many today (U.S.) Expansion

John & The Magna Carta 1199: Richard I dies, brother John takes over Horrible King Loses Normandy to Philip II Alienates the Church & raises taxes Nobles revolt; force him to sign the Magna Carta Guarantees basic political rights No taxation w/o representation Trial by jury Protection of the law

Parliament Edward I needs to raises taxes to support wars 1295: Assembles 2 burgesses & knights from every borough & county = Parliament Kings call parliament over issues of new taxes Provides check on royal power Evolves into the House of Commons & House of Lords Parliament

France: Capetian Dynasty 1000: France divided into 47 territories 987: Hugh Capet controls Paris & controls trade Philip II increases French territory Reclaims Normandy Triples French land Uses bailiffs to collect taxes & preside over courts

Heirs Louis IX – strengthens French government Creates an appeals court Philip IV – establishes the Estates-General Develops b/c of dispute between Pope’s control of affairs in France Efforts strengthen the monarchy & weaken feudal ties

Estates-General Representative Body: 1st Estate: the Church 2nd Estate: the Lords 3rd Estate: Commoners Increases royal power over nobility; not an independent force Beginnings of democratic traditions w/ Parliament Common man gaining decision-making ability