1. Key Terms William the Conqueror Henry I Common law Magna Carta
Parliament
Hugh Capet
Phillip II
Estates-General

3. England Absorbs Waves of Invaders
800’s Britain was attacked and invaded by the Vikings
Special prayer was created for protection“God, deliver us from the fury of the Northmen”
Alfred the Great turns the Vikings back
He unites England under one rule
Calls England the land of Angels

4. England Absorbs Wave of Invaders
1016 Danish King Canute conquered England
He Molded Anglo Saxons into Viking people
1042 King Edward the Confessor took the throne
1066 died without an heir, causing a struggle for the Thrown

5. Norman Conquest William Duke of Normandy (William the Conqueror)
Norman- descendant of Vikings spoke French
Invaded England and claimed the crown
Fought and won the Battle of Hastings

6. Norman Conquest Harold Godwinson was rival to William
Battled each other in The Battle of Hastings 1066
Harold was shot in eye by an arrow
William claimed England and kept1/5 of England for himself
Lords who supported him received land grants
Unified the country, and laid foundation for centralized Government in England

7. England’s Evolving Government
English wanted two goals
Hold and add to French lands
Strengthen own power over church and nobles
William’s ancestors owned land in France and England
Henry II added to land by marrying Eleanor of Aquitaine (French)

8. England’s Evolving Government
The marriage gave Henry a large territory in France
He Inherited William the Conquerors land
Also a vassal to a French King

9. Juries and Common Law
Henry strengthened royal court by sending Royal judges to all of England at least once a year
The Royal Judges Collected taxes, settled lawsuits, punished crimes
He also introduced the Jury to English Courts
Jury-usually 12 neighbors of the accused

10. Juries and Common Law Juries would answer questions about the case
Trial- popular means to settle a dispute
Only king’s court could conduct them
Common law-case by case rulings formed unified body of law

11. Magna Carta
Henry dies
Richard the Lionhearted takes over, but dies in the Crusades
John (Richards younger brother) became king
Not a good military leader
Lost lands in France
Cruel to his subjects
Highest taxes
Threatened to revoke charters

12. Magna Carta Nobles revolt in 1215
John forced to sign Magna Carta (Great Charter)
Drawn up by nobles
Certain political rights
Safeguarded feudal rights
Limit the king’s power

13. Magna Carta Citizens argued it applied to all classes
No taxation without representation
Jury trial
Protection of the law
Basic legal rights now in England and the United States

14. Model Parliament Edward I needed to raise taxes for a war with France
Two burgesses from every borough, two knights from every county, to serve on Parliament
Similar to Senate and House of Representatives today
Parliament: Legislative body of lords and commoners

15. The Model Parliament 1300-1400 Parliament when King wanted a new tax
Two groups formed
House of Commons
House of Lords
Parliament helped to weaken the great lords
In time Parliament became strong and provided a check on Royal Power

16. Capetian Dynasty Rules France
After Charlemagne’s empire broke up, Counts and dukes ruled land independently
France had 47 feudal territories
Hugh Capet-began the Capetian Dynasty that ruled from

17. France Becomes a Separate Kingdom
Power of King spread from Paris
Royal power would unite France

18. Philip II Expands Power
One of the most powerful Capetians was Philip II
Philip II
Watched father lose land to Henry II
Became king at 15
Phillip had little success against Henry II or Richard the Lionhearted
John becomes king

19. Philip II Expands His Power
Phillip gets the name Augustus
Greatly increase France’s territory (3 X larger)
Seized Normandy from King John in 1204
Phillip had tripled his lands

20. Phillip II Expands His Power
French King more powerful than any other vassal
Wanted more land and wanted stronger central government
Bailiffs- royal officials who presided over the king’s court and collected taxes

21. Phillip II’s Heirs Louis IX Phillip’s grandson
During Reign, central government became stronger
Known as ideal king
Became a Saint in Catholic Church
Created French Appeals Court which Could overturn local courts (Federal Court System)

22. Phillip II’s Heirs Phillip IV ruled from 1285-1314
Had quarrels with the pope
Philip Wanted priests to pay taxes in the Kingdom
Disputed right of pope to control church affairs in his kingdom

23. Phillip II’s Heirs
Usually called lords and bishops for support when he wanted something to be passed in his Kingdom
To win support against the pope called a meeting included commoners

24. Estates General Church leaders were know as the First Estate
Great lords- Second Estate
Commoners, wealthy landholders, merchants became the Third Estate
The whole meeting was called the Estates General

25. Estates General Estates General Increased royal power against nobility
Estates General never became independent
Third Estate would play a key role in the French Revolution

26. Beginnings of Democracy
England and France both started the Democratic Process
Central government
Govern widespread lands
Creation of common law courts was the first step
Including commoners in decision making was essential for Democracy
Start of democratic rule