1. Vikings “GOD DELIVER US FROM THE FURY OF THE NORTHMEN”

2. William the Conqueror Normans decedents of Vikings
A.K.A. William, duke of Normandy
Fought the Battle of Hastings (1066)
King Harold Godwinson shot in the eye by arrow

3. William Wins all of England!
William declares all of England
Keeps 1/5 of England for himself
Lords who supported King Harold lost lands
Granted lands to Norman lords
Laid the foundation for centralized government

4. England’s Goals Two Goals
Hold and add to their French lands
Strengthen power over the nobles and the Church

5. King Henry II Ruled England 1154-1189
Strengthened Royal courts (cannon law vs. royal law)
Introduced jury to English courts
Jury- group of loyal people usually 12 neighbors of the accused who answer a royal judge’s questions
Popular means to settle disputes

6. Eleanor Of Aquitaine 1122-1204 Married King Henry II
Increased England’s land holding in France (Aquitaine)
Mother of Richard the Lion heart

7. Royal Judges Sent at least once a year to every part of England
Collected taxes, settled lawsuits and punished crimes.
Formed a unified body of law known as common law.
Principles from this law are the basis for law in many English speaking countries. We live in a common law state.

8. John Softsword Lost Normandy and all lands in northern France
Cruel to subjects always trying to squeeze money out of them.
Raised taxes
Alienated the Church
Nobles revolt!!!!!!

9. Magna Carta
Nobles revolted June 15, 1215 forcing the creation of the Magna Carta
Drawn up by nobles and forced the King to approve it.
Granted certain basic political rights.
Safeguard noble rights (feudal rights) and limit king’s powers
All classes argued these safe guards were for everyone’s rights

10. Magna Carta Rights
NO TAXATION WITHOUT REPERSENTATION (you will see this little phrase again)
A jury trial
Protection of the law
Guaranteed what are now considered basic legal rights in both England and the USA

11. France’s King Philip II vs. England’s King John
King Philip could not gain land back while King Henry II or his son King Richard ruled but….. When John Softsword took over. He seized Normandy.
Much like Henry’s Royal judges he had bailiffs to preside over the king’s courts and collect the taxes

12. Parliament/ Estates-General
Legislative group
Consisted of two burgesses (citizens of wealth) and two knights to represent every borough.
Eventually became an individual force that limited the kings power.
Estates-General
Legislative group
Church leaders represented in the first Estates
Great lords represented in second Estates
Wealthy landholders or merchants represented in third Estate
Did not eventually limit kings power.

13. Democracy is born ENGLAND
William the Conqueror invades England in 1066
John agrees to the Magna Carta 1251
Model Parliament created in 1295
Template for important documents like the Bill of Rights.