1. Aim: How did changes in the Middle Ages lead to the rise of regional kingdoms in England and France? Do Now: Growth of Royal Power in England and France – do 1,2

2. Anglo-Saxon and Norman England
By 450, Roman rule in Britain ended and
Germanic tribes moved into the island

3. Anglo-Saxon and Norman England
The Anglo-Saxons formed several kingdoms
and divided them into districts called shires

4. Anglo-Saxon and Norman England
Danes overran much of England until Alfred
the Great subdued them in 886
Alfred the Great at Winchester

5. Anglo-Saxon and Norman England
By 1013 the Danes regained control of the
entire country. King Canute of Denmark
took the throne in 1016
"Sea, I command you to come no farther!"

6. Anglo-Saxon and Norman England
By 1042 the Danish line died out; Anglo-
Saxon nobles chose Edward the Confessor
as king
Edward the Confessor (c – 5 January 1066)

7. William the Conqueror 1066 - Edward died without an heir; Duke
William of Normandy claimed the throne
King William I of England, aka William of Normandy and William the Bastard, was the illegitimate son of Duke Robert of Normandy, France. Though his blood claim to the throne of England was slim, he set his sights on the land once governed by his cousin, Edward the Confessor, and claimed the old king had named him his heir.

8. The Bayeux Tapestry (c. 1073-83)
William the Conqueror
When the Anglo-Saxons denied his claim,
William defeated them at the Battle of
Hastings in October 1066
The Bayeux Tapestry (c )

9. Feudalism from the “top down”
William established a new feudal system –
the king held supreme authority, all English
lords became vassals of the king

10. English Government William’s successors made reforms in the
government and the financial and legal
systems
William the Conqueror & his sons & heirs: William Rufus and Henri I, the fourth king is his nephew Stephen of Blois

11. Government in England
The use of Anglo-Saxon officials to assert royal power on the local level
The “Domesday Book” (1086)
The rule of Henry I ( )
--The Royal Exchequer
The rule of Henry II ( )

12. Murder of Thomas Becket in 1170
Henry II
When King Henry II attempted to try the
clergy in royal courts, Thomas Becket, the
Archbishop of Canterbury, refused and was
murdered
Murder of Thomas Becket in 1170

13. Henry II Judicial reform under Henry II -- “common law”
Henry II marries Eleanor of Aquitaine
Their subsequent divorce and political turmoil
Henry II conquered part of Ireland and made the King of Scotland his vassal

14. Magna Carta 1215 - King John demanded that nobles pay
more taxes. They revolted and forced him to
sign the Magna Carta
The Great Charter of English liberty granted by King John at Runnymede on June 15, 1215

15. Read Magna Carta True or False
1. The Magna Carta gave equal rights to everyone.
2. Lords could only be tried by their peers.
3. The Magna Carta provided a fairer system of justice.
4. The Magna Carta endorsed the idea of no taxation without representation.

16. The Magna Carta:
- protected the liberties of the nobles
- outlined rights for ordinary citizen
- held the king to the same law as the people

17. 1295 Parliament The Parliament grew out of members of the
middle class meeting with the clergy and
nobles in a Great Council

18. Common Law Common law - a collection of decisions
made by the courts used as the basis for
future court verdicts

19. Rise of Capetian Kings in France
987 - the last Carolingian king died; nobles
chose Hugh Capet as king, beginning
the Capetians line
Hugh Capet (c. 940 – 24 October 996)

20. Rise of Capetian Kings in France
The Capetians developed a strong central
government and tried to unite French
duchies under a monarch

21. France Louis IX moral and religious authority
Age of scholasticism in Paris
Extension of royal justice through “Parlement”
Weakness of the Estates-General

22. Estates General Philip the Fair taxed the clergy and
convened the Estates General

23. End of Capetian Kings in France
the Capetian dynasty ended without
achieving unification; France remained
feudal in its political organization