1. England and France develop

2. England “Land of the Angles”
Anglos- Germanic tribe, invaded and settled England
Anglo-Saxons and Vikings were united
King Edward died in 1066 and left no heir

3. Normans William- Duke of Normandy Harold Edward’s cousin
Invaded England
Harold
Anglo Saxon
Claimed the throne

4. Battle of Hastings
1066, Anglo Saxons (Harold) fought the Normans (William)
Harold was killed
Normans declared victory, take over England
William becomes the Conqueror

5. Monarchs
Eleanor of Aquitaine (most celebrated woman of the Middle Ages) married King Henry II of England
Expanded England territory in France
Sons Richard the Lionhearted, John

6. Magna Carta “The Great Charter”
King John
Raised taxes to pay for wars
Angered nobles
Nobles forced John to sign the Magna Carta in 1215
First time a king’s power was limited
Guaranteed basic rights to citizens
no taxation without representation, a jury trial, and the protection of the law

7. Parliament Legislative group Provided a check to royal power
Nobles and bishops “House of Lords”
Knights and burgesses “House of Commons”
Provided a check to royal power

8. France Capetian Dynasty King Phillip II King Louis IX King Phillip IV
Tripled the size of France
King Louis IX
Centralized government
King Phillip IV
Added third estate

9. Estates General 1st Estate- clergy 2nd Estate- nobility
3rd Estate- commoners

10. Hundred Years’ War Fought between England and France.
Turning point in the nature of warfare with lasting consequences
English invented the long bow- which shot further distances and was more accurate than the crossbow
“Pluck You” story
English saw many victories against the French with this new technology.

11. Hundred Years’ War Continued…
French were feeling down, when a peasant girl, Joan of Arc, inspired the monarchy and the troops with her faith, which brought the war to a turning point.
Joan was burned at the stake for witchcraft
The French ended up winning the war, with the help of their new military weapon, the cannon, which used gunpowder.

12. Consequences
The new military technology reduced the need for knights in warfare.
This reduced the overall importance of the feudal system, which started to decline.
This leads to the rise of monarchies.