Verbs Verbs tell what a subject IS or DOES. Verbs also indicate the time, or TENSE, of an action. For example: past, present, future. Verbs have 3 PERSONS in both the singular and plural:

Verbs: “Persons” 1st person I… we… 2nd person you… you (y’all )… Singular Plural 1st person I… we… 2nd person you… you (y’all )… 3rd person he, she, it… they…

Finding the Present Stem amo, amare laboro, laborare paro, parare porto, portare specto, spectare AMA- LABORA- PARA- PORTA- SPECTA-

Present Active Tense Endings The present active tense = Present Stem + Present Active Endings Singular Plural First Person mus we o I tis you Second Person you s he, she, it nt they Third Person t Cantemus! (let’s sing…!)

Present Active Am o Ama mus Ama tis Ama s Ama t Ama nt I love I am loving I do love First Person We love We are loving We do love Am o Ama mus Second Person You love You are loving You do love You love You are loving You do love Ama tis Ama s He loves He is loving He does love Third Person They love They are loving They do love Ama t Ama nt Present Active

Imperfect Tense Text p. 180 (lesson 26) Imperfect tense is a past tense. It shows past action uncompleted. There are several ways to translate imperfect tense: was verbing used to verb kept on verbing verbed

Imperfect Active Tense Endings The present active tense = Present Stem + Imperfect Active Endings Singular Plural First Person BAMUS we BAM I BATIS you Second Person you BAS he, she, it BANT they Third Person BAT

Imperfect Tense bamus Ama bam Ama Ama batis Ama bas Ama bat Ama bant I was loving I used to love I kept on loving I loved bamus First Person We were loving (etc.) Ama bam Ama You were loving You used to love You kept on loving You loved Second Person You were loving… (etc.) Ama batis Ama bas He was loving… (etc.) Third Person They were loving (etc.) Ama bat Ama bant Imperfect Tense

Imperfect Tense Practice Spectabamus Portabat Amabas Parabatis Navigabam Monstrabant We were watching He/she/it was carrying You were loving Y’all were preparing I was sailing They were showing

Future Tense Verbs The future tense refers to something that will or is going to happen at a future time. In English, we use the helping verbs “will” or “shall” to express future tense. Latin uses prefixes on the present tense verb endings to make future tense verb endings, like this…

Future Active Tense (p. 56 in text) Future Tense Endings Future Active Tense (p. 56 in text) Singular Plural 1st -BO (I will...) -BIMUS (we will…) 2nd -BIS (you will...) -BITIS (y’all will…) 3rd -BIT (he/she/it will…) -BUNT (they will…)

Future Active Tense (p. 56 in text) I will love First Person We will love Ama bo Ama bimus Second Person You will love Ya’ll will love Ama bitis Ama bis He/she/it will love Third Person They will love Ama bit Ama bunt Future Active Tense (p. 56 in text)

3rd -BIT (he/she/it will…) -BUNT (they will…) Let’s practice translating future tense verbs! amabo 2. spectabit 3. portabunt 4. parabitis 5. spectabis 6. parabo 7. laborabit 8. laborabimus Singular Plural 1st -BO (I will...) -BIMUS (we will…) 2nd -BIS (you will...) -BITIS (y’all will…) 3rd -BIT (he/she/it will…) -BUNT (they will…)

“SUM” “Sum” is the “to be” verb. Like other languages, including English, “sum” is an irregular verb in Latin. Let’s look at “be” in English first. See how its forms are all different in the singular? Singular Plural I am We are You are Y’all are He/she/it is They are

Present Tense: SUM text p. 109 Singular Plural sum I am sumus we are es you are estis y’all are est he/she/ it is sunt they are These are stand-alone words, not endings.

“SUM” in action! Nauta sum. Est regina. Es agricola bonus. Sunt mali. Sumus parvi. Estis reginae. I am a sailor. She is a queen. You are a good farmer. They are bad. We are small. Y’all are queens.

Imperfect Tense: ERAM text p. 181 Singular Plural eram I was eramus we were eras you were eratis y’all were erat he/she/ it was erant they were These are stand-alone words, not endings.

“ERAM” in action! Nauta eram. Erat regina. Eras agricola bonus. Erant mali. Eramus parvi. Eratis reginae. I was a sailor. She was a queen. You were a good farmer. They were bad. We were small. Y’all were queens.

Future Tense: ERO text p. 127 (1st chart only) Singular Plural ero I will be erimus we will be eris you will be eritis y’all will be erit he/she/ it will be erunt they will be These are stand-alone words, not endings.

“ERO” in action! Nauta ero. Erit servus. Eris agricola bonus. Erunt laeti (happy). Numerus erit parvus. Victoria erit grata. I will be a sailor. He will be a slave. You will be a good farmer. They will be happy. The number will be small. Victory will be pleasing.