1. Lesson 17 Future and Perfect of “sum” Translating infinitives Latin I
April 16-25, 2014

2. Review of “SUM” “Sum” is the “to be” verb.
We’ve already learned the present, imperfect, and future tenses of “sum”…

3. Present Tense: SUM text p. 109
Singular
Plural
sum I am
sumus we are
es you are
estis y’all are
est he/she/ it is
sunt they are
These are stand-alone words, not endings.

4. Imperfect Tense: ERAM text p. 181
Singular
Plural
eram I was
eramus we were
eras you were
eratis y’all were
erat he/she/ it was
erant they were
These are stand-alone words, not endings.

5. Future Tense of “Sum”: ERO text p. 127 (1st chart)
Singular
Plural
ero I will be
erimus we will be
eris you will be
eritis y’all will be
erit he/she/ it will be
erunt they will be
These are stand-alone words, not endings.

6. Perfect Tense of “SUM”
Like most other verbs, “sum” also has a perfect tense
Remember your perfect tense chart…?

7. Finding the Perfect Stem
Find the third principal part of the verb.
sum
esse
fui
futurus
The perfect stem is the third principal part – i.
fui
- i =
fu-

8. Perfect Tense of “Sum”: FUI text p. 127 (2nd chart)
Singular
Plural
fui I have been,was
fuimus we have been, were
fuisti you have been, were
fuistis y’all have been, were
fuit he/she/ it has been, was
fuerunt they have been, were
sum, esse, fui, futurus: to be
Drop the “i” and add the perfect endings like we learned for other verbs.

9. “FUI” in action! Nauta fui. Fuit servus. etc.
I have been (was) a sailor.
He has been (was) a slave.

10. Things to Take Away With You…
The verb “to be” has future and perfect tenses.
Future tense: “ero” (already learned in class)
Perfect tense: “fui” (uses perfect tense endings already learned in class)
Learn both charts!

11. Perfect Tense of “Sum”: FUI text p. 127 (2nd chart)
Singular
Plural
fui I have been,was
fuimus we have been, were
fuisti you have been, were
fuistis y’all have been, were
fuit he/she/ it has been, was
fuerunt they have been, were
sum, esse, fui, futurus: to be
Drop the “i” and add the perfect endings like we learned for other verbs.

12. Let’s Practice Forms of “Sum” 
FILIUS: Fuistisne, Marce et Anna, semper servi?
MARCUS: Liber fui in patriā meā. In terrā tuā, servus sum.
ANNA: Fuimus magistri in patriā nostrā. Nunc, tuam familiam docemus.
DOMINUS: Servi, laboravistis multum in familiā meā. Nunc, servi non estis. Nunc liberi estis.

13. Infinitives p. 128 text
An infinitive is a verb with the word “to” in front of it
to carry, to tell, to love, to hurry…
Remember: “TO infinity (-ive)…” 

14. Using Infinitives
In Latin, infinitives are the 2nd principal part of the verb.
Infinitives end in –re.
amo, amare: to love
porto, portare: to carry
doceo, docere: to teach

15. Using Infinitives Infinitives can be used as subjects.
Docere est gratum. To teach is pleasing.
Habere amicos est bonum. To have friends is good. (It’s good to have friends.)

16. Using Infinitives Infinitives can be used as objects.
Puella pupas portare amat. The girl likes to carry dolls.
Cibum parare debet. He ought to prepare food.

17. Things to Take Away With You…
Infinitives are translated “to (verb)”
Infinitives are the 2nd part of a Latin verb.
Latin infinitives are recognized by their –re ending.

18. Time To Practice Infinitives!
Habere pecuniam amo.
Laudare discipulos debeo.
Bonum est habere amicos.
Aquam portare debemus.
Puer reginae equum monstrare maturavit.
I like to have money.
I ought to praise the students.
It is good to have friends.
We ought to carry water.
The boy hurried to show the horse to the queen.