1. Latin 1 Mr. zboril | Milford PEP
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation
Mr. zboril | Milford PEP

2. Salvē Discipulī! Quid es?
Chapter 7 Adjectives
Salvē Discipulī! Quid es?
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3. Chapter 7 Adjectives
So far we have covered 1st and 2nd Declension Nouns along with the nominative, accusative, and dative cases. We have also covered 1st Conjugation verbs. This Chapter we will discuss adjectives.
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

4. Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

5. Chapter 7 Adjectives
The Vocabulary list on page 42 contains seven adjectives.
You will notice for all of them, they list a masculine, feminine, and neuter for each adjective.
bonus, bona, bonum: good
masculine feminine neuter
multus, multa, multum: many
tūtus, tūta, tūtum: safe, protected
masc fem neut
Chapter 7 Adjectives

6. Chapter 7 Adjective Agreement w/Noun
Adjectives modify a noun… puella pulchra beautiful girl magnum templum great temple agricola bonus good farmer What do you notice about the endings of the verb and noun? They agree with each other. Adjectives must agree with the noun it modifies in case, number, and gender.
Chapter 7 Adjectives

7. Chapter 7 Adjective Agreement w/Noun
agricola bonus good farmer Do you see how the adjective bonus agrees with agricola in case, number, and gender, but NOT in appearance? Why? agricola is a masculine noun, but takes the first declension endings. How would you write great pirate in Latin for nominative case?
Chapter 7 Adjectives

8. Chapter 7 Adjective Agreement w/Noun
How would you write great pirate in Latin for nominative case? For accusative case? Let’s put the following sentence into Latin : The pious boy gave a bronze shield to the great pirates. Bonus puer aeneum signum magnīs piratīs.
Chapter 7 Adjectives

9. Chapter 7 Adjective Agreement w/Noun
Naturally, the endings will depend on how the adjective and noun are used in the sentence. Agricola bonus magnum templum servat. adj S adj DO The good farmer protects the great temple. n/s/f n/s/f ac/s/n ac/s/n
Chapter 7 Adjectives

10. Salvē Discipulī! Quid es?
Chapter 7 Adjectives
Salvē Discipulī! Quid es?
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CCBY-NC-SA

11. Adjectives – Case Endings
Masculine
Feminine
Neuter
Singular
Plural
Nominative
bonus
bonī
bona
bonae
bonum
Genitive
bonōrum
bonārum
Dative
bonō
bonīs
Accusative
bonōs
bonam
Ablative
bonā
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

12. Chapter 7 Irregular Verb : esse
Page 44 in Latin Alive! lists the principal parts of some irregular verbs in the English language. The most notorious is the linking verb “to be”. This is the most common verb used, in both English and Latin.
To be in Latin is esse. The four principal parts are:
sum, esse, fuī, futūrum
We can form the stem by removing the –se from the second principal part.
esse –se = es for the stem.
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

13. Chapter 7 Irregular Verb : esse
So…with our stem ‘es’ we add the present tense endings of –m, -s, -t, -mus, -tis, -nt. However, you will notice the es is replaced with sum where the ending begins with an ‘m’ or an ‘n’. s, -nt
Person
Singular
Plural
1st Person
sum
sumus
I am
we are
2nd Person es
estis
you are
you all are
3rd Person
est
sunt
he – she – it is
they are
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

14. Chapter 7 Imperfect Tense for esse
The imperfect tense of esse replaces the imperfect tense marker of –ba with –ra.
Person
Singular
Plural
1st Person
eram
erāmus
I was
we were
2nd Person
erās
erātis
you were
you all were
3rd Person
erat
erant
he – she – it was
they were
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

15. Chapter 7 Future Tense for esse
The future tense of esse replaces the imperfect tense marker of –b with –r.
Person
Singular
Plural
1st Person
erō
erimus
I will be
we will be
2nd Person
eris
eritis
you will be
you all will be
3rd Person
erit
erunt
he – she – it will be
they will be
Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation

16. I can stay afterwards for extra help
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Chapter 2 Verbs, Vocabulary, and 1st Conjugation