1. INTRODUCTION TO VERBS

2. LINKING VERB To be, am, is, are, was, were, will be, etc.
Irregular in every language
No action; a state of being
Links a subject to a
predicate adjective (She is pretty),
or a predicate nominative (They are my brothers; I will be the best Latin student ever!; my grandfather was an astronaut)

3. Singular Plural
1st Person sum - I am sumus -we are
2nd Person es -you are estis -you (plural-y’all) are
3rd Person est -he/she/it is sunt -they are

4. Latin English Latin English
Singular Plural
Latin English Latin English
1st Person eram - I was erāmus -we were
2nd Person erās -you were erātis -you (plural-y’all) were
3rd Person erat -he/she/it was erant -they were

5. Singular Plural 1st Person erō - I will be erimus -we will be
2nd Person eris -you will be eritis -you (plural-y’all) will be
3rd Person erit -he/she/it will be erunt -they will be

6. Infinitive
An infinitive is what you get in English when you put “to” in front of a verb
The infinitive of the linking verb is “to be”.
In Latin it is esse

7. Giving the forms of a verb like this is called conjugating a verb.
I __ we__
You __ y’all__
He/she/it___ they __

8. Subjects of Latin verbs
In Latin, if the subject of a verb is a pronoun---I, you (singular), he, she it, we, ya’ll/you all, (plural), they---it isn’t usually expressed. It is actually a part of the verb! The verb ending tells the subject. However, there are pronouns, and they can be used for special emphasis.
(I) Ego sum (We) Nōs sumus
(You) Tū es (Y’all) Vōs estis
(He/she/it) Is/Ea/Id est (They) Eī/Eae/Ea sunt.
For example:
Ego sum gladiator! I am a gladiator!
Tū es senator! You are a senator!

9. Sum Venus.
Es fungus.
Sunt gladiatōrēs.
Sumus senatōrēs
Est spectator.
Erat virgō.
Estis geminī.
Eram leō.
Erant leōnēs.
Erit peninsula.
Erāmus impostōrēs
Erō cancer.
Erimus oratorēs
Est dictator.

10. Practice this dialogue with a partner:
(A)Salvē!
(B)Salvē!
(A)Quis es?
(B)Sum _____________, nomine __________.
Quis (who) es?
(A)Sum _____________, nomine _____________.
(B)Valē!
(A) Valē!
Puella, -ae (f)=girl; Puer, -ī (m)=boy; monstrum (n)=monster; canis (m)=dog; feles(f): cat;

11. More about Latin verbs s you mus we
Latin verbs have endings that tell us something about the subject of the verb.
Ending Subject is ō or m I
s you
t he/she/it or any singular noun
mus we
tis you plural/y’all
nt they/plural noun

12. Verb Conjugation Singular Plural Latin English Latin English
1st Person amō - I love amāmus -we love
2nd Person amās -you love amātis-you (plural-y’all) love
3rd Person amat -he/she/it loves amant -they love

13. Verb Conjugation Singular Plural Latin English Latin English
1st Person videō - I see vidēmus -we see
2nd Person vidēs -you see vidētis-you (plural-y’all) see
3rd Person videt -he/she/it sees vident -they see