1. Lesson 33 Nov. 4-8, 2013 Perfect Passive Participles
Passive Voice: Perfect, Pluperfect and Future Perfect Tenses

2. Perfect Passive Participles (aka, “Party-ciples!!!”)
A PARTICIPLE is a form of a verb that is used as an adjective. The past participle in English usually ends in –ed:
e.g.: carried, beloved
With other verbs, it is irregular:
e.g.: shown, eaten, seen, heard.

3. Perfect Passive Participles
Like adjectives, participles modify nouns.
The baby, CARRIED by its mother, stopped crying.
“carried” modifies “baby”
The sheets, EATEN by moths, were no longer useful.
“eaten” modifies “sheets”
SEEN cheating by her boyfriend, the girl decided now was as good a time as any to break up.
“seen” modifies “girl”

4. Perfect Passive Participles
In Latin, the PERFECT PASSIVE PARTICIPLE is the 4th PRINCIPAL PART of the verb.
It generally ends in –tus or –sus

5. porto portare portavi portatus All About Verbs
Each verb has 4 principal parts
porto
portare
portavi
portatus
First Person Singular Present Active “I carry”
Present Active
Infinitive
“to carry”
First Person
Singular
Perfect Active
“I carried”
Perfect Passive
Participle
“having been carried”
or “carried”

6. Perfect Passive Participles
Mitto, mittere, misi, MISSUS
MISSUS: “sent” or “having been sent”
These words decline in 1st/2nd declensions just like any other –us, -a, -um adjective. (but only the –us ending is listed in your vocabulary)

7. Participles Examples: cibus portatus: “the carried food”
litterae missae:
“the sent letter”

8. Participles and Passive Voice Verbs
The perfect passive participle (part 4 of the verb’s principal parts) is used to make PASSIVE VOICE of the perfect, pluperfect and future perfect tenses.
Perfect passive tenses are unique in that they use 2 words: a participle and a form of sum.
Remember that the participle is an adjective, so we’re going to have to tweak its ending a little bit as we conjugate from singular to plural and from gender to gender.

9. Perfect Passive Tense Take the perfect passive participle of a verb.
Add the present tense of “sum” as a helping verb.
Yes, you’re using the PRESENT tense of sum to form a PAST tense verb.
Be careful not to translate “sum” as present tense when it’s partnered up with a participle. You’ll see why on the next page….

10. Amatus sum Amati sumus Amatus es Amati estis Amatus est Amati sunt
Singular
Plural
1st person
Amatus sum
I was/have been loved
Amati sumus
We were/have been loved
2nd person
Amatus es
You were/have been loved
Amati estis
Y’all were/have been loved
3rd person
Remember that adjectives have –us, -a, -um.
-us: masculine, “he”
-a: feminine, “she”
-um, neuter, “it”
Amatus est
He was/has been loved
amata est: she was/has been loved
amatum est: it was/has been loved
Amati sunt
They were/have been loved
amatae sunt: they were/have been loved
amata sunt: they were/have been loved

11. Participle Endings Agree in Case, Number, and Gender With the Subject
Puella amata est.
The girl was loved.
Puellae amatae sunt.
The girls were loved.

12. Participle Endings Agree in Case, Number, and Gender With the Subject
Equus amatus est.
The horse was loved.
Equi amati sunt.
The horses were loved.

13. Participle Endings Agree in Case, Number, and Gender With the Subject
Templum amatum est.
The temple was loved.
Templa amata sunt.
The temples were loved.

14. duco, ducere, duxi, ductus---lead
Singular Plural
1st ductus ducti
2nd ductus ducti
3rd ductus ducti
sum
est es
sumus
sunt
estis

15. Pluperfect Passive: The Same Pattern!
Just use “eram” as your helping verb.
amo, amare, amavi, amatus: love
Singular
Plural
1st person
Amatus eram
I had been loved
Amati eramus
We had been loved
2nd person
Amatus eras
You had been loved
Amati eratis
Y’all had been loved
3rd person
Amatus erat
He had been loved
Amati erant
They had been loved

16. duco, ducere, duxi, ductus---lead
Singular Plural
1st ductus ducti
2nd ductus ducti
3rd ductus ducti
eram
erat
eras
eramus
erant
eratis

17. Future Perfect Passive: The Same Pattern AGAIN!
Just use “ero” as your helping verb (future of sum)
amo, amare, amavi, amatus: love
Singular
Plural
1st person
Amatus ero
I will have been loved
Amati erimus
We will have been loved
2nd person
Amatus eris
You will have been loved
Amati eritis
Y’all will have been loved
3rd person
Amatus erit
He will have been loved
Amati erunt
They will have been loved

18. duco, ducere, duxi, ductus---lead
Singular Plural
1st ductus ducti
2nd ductus ducti
3rd ductus ducti
ero
erit
eris
erimus
erunt
eritis

19. Ready to practice? 
But first….

20. Workbook page 121 (watch out for genders and plurals!)
missa est a. He will be sent
missa erunt b. it will have been sent
3. missum est c. They had been sent
mittetur d. She has been sent
missae sunt e. They were being sent
mittebantur f. They will have been sent
missus est g. They are sent
mittuntur h. They have been sent
missi erant i. It was sent
missum erit j. He has been sent

21. Ready to practice more? 
But once again….

22. beneficium,
benefici (n.)
kindness, benefit

23. exemplum,
exempli (n.)
example
exemplify, sample, exemplary

24. egregius,
egregia
egregium:
distinguished,
excellent
egregious

25. propono,
proponere,
proposui,
propositus:
put forward, offer

26. suscipio,
suscipere,
suscepi,
susceptus:
undertake, take up, start

27. per (+ acc.):
through
perforate, permit, percolate

28. sub: under, close up to + acc.: verbs of motion + abl.: verbs of rest
suspicion, submarine

29. Workbook page 121 Exercise “E”
Translate the 5 sentences in exercise “E” about pirates in the Roman world. Arrrrrgh!
Pay special attention to the passive voice verbs, especially your new perfect/pluperfect/future perfect passive tenses. (Whew! That’s a mouthful…!)