1. Cambridge Latin Course I
EMERGENCY BOOKMARK
Cambridge Latin Course I
VERBS doing words
Present tense: I x, I am x-ing
(ego) port-o
(nos) porta-mus
(tu) porta-s
(vos) porta-tis
porta-t
porta-nt
NOUNS person, place, animal, thing S
NOM
ACC
DAT 1
puella
puellam
puellae 2
servus
servum
servo 3
leo
leonem
leoni PL
puellas
puellis
servi
servos
servis
leones
leonibus
The subject of a verb does not need to be expressed because it is already contained in the verb ending.
porto means ‘I carry’, portas means ‘you carry’ etc...
The Romans did not need to write ego porto or tu portas. When they did, it was for special emphasis.
Imperfect tense: I was x-ing,
I used to x
porta-bam
porta-bamus
porta-bas
porta-batis
porta-bat
porta-bant
NOMINATIVE = the ‘do-er’ (SUBJECT)
ACCUSATIVE = the ‘done to’ (OBJECT)
DATIVE = the GIVING case ‘to/for’
+ with certain verbs (placet mihi)
Perfect tense: I x-ed, I have x-ed
porta-v-i
porta-v-imus
porta-v-isti
porta-v-istis
porta-v-it
porta-v-erunt
PRONOUNS in place of (pro-) a noun
NOM
ego tu
(s)
nos
vos (pl)
ACC me te
DAT
mihi
tibi
nobis
vobis
Some verbs do not have –v- in their endings but have –u- instead. Other verbs have neither –v- nor –u-, but the endings in red always stay the same.
E.g. intellego ‘I understand’ goes like this in the perfect:
intellexi ‘I understood’ intelleximus
intellexisti intellexistis
intellexit intellexerunt
ADJECTIVES describe a noun
–issi- and –erri- mean most and very
–ior means ‘more’
sum ‘I am’ - the most important verb
Present – ‘I am’
Imperfect – ‘I was’
sum
eram es
eras
est
erat
sumus
eramus
estis
eratis
sunt
erant
QUESTION WORDS
quis? who?
quid? what?
ubi? where?
cur? why?
Add –ne to the end of the first word of a sentence.