1. Lesson 15 – Form of Sum preview
Before we begin please read page 109“Grammar” of your textbook. This will give you a preview of what you are about to learn.
What does it mean that sum is “irregular”?
What are the present forms of sum?
Is sum an action or linking verb? Explain.
Can sum take a direct object? Explain.

2. Lesson 15 – Form of Sum forms and overview
Sum is an irregular verb meaning that it isn’t created using the rules you have learned so far viz. you might think the 3rd person singular is “sut”, but it’s “est”
Don’t pick on Latin, English does the same thing e.g. I am, you are, he is
Sum is a linking verb and therefore can’t take a direct object, you can’t “is” something
1st person sum (I am) sumus (we are)
2nd person es (you are) estis (you are)
3rd person est (he/she/it is) sunt (they are)

3. Lesson 15 – Form of Sum preview of coming attractions
The following will not be on your lesson 15 quiz, but you should write them down and begin to recognize them as they will be on the NLE in March.
1st person ero (I will be) erimus (we will be)
2nd person eris (you will be) eritis (you will be)
3rd person erit(he/she/it will be) erunt (they will be)
1st person eram/fui (I was) eramus/fuimus (we were)
2nd person eras/fuisti (you were) eratis/fuistis (you were)
3rd person erat/fuit (he/she/it was) erant/fuerunt (they were)