In the United States, France and Latin America, political revolutions brought in new governments. A different type of revolution now transformed the way people worked. The Industrial Revolution refers to the greatly increased output of machine goods that began in England in the middle 1700s. Before the Industrial Revolution, people created most goods by hand. Then, machines began to do this.

WHY THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGAN IN ENGLAND In addition to a large population of workers, the small island country had an abundance of natural resources that industrialization required. WATER POWER & COAL TO FUEL NEW MACHINES IRON TO CONSTRUCT MACHINES, TOOLS & BUILDINGS RIVERS FOR INLAND TRANSPORTATION HARBORS FROM WHICH MERCHANT SHIPS SET SAIL

WHY THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGAN IN ENGLAND In addition to its natural resources, Britain had an expanding economy to support industrialization. BUSINESSPEOPLE INVESTED IN NEW MACHINES HIGHLY DEVELOPED BANKING SYSTEM INCREASED DEMAND FOR GOODS

WHY THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION BEGAN IN ENGLAND Britain’s political stability gave the country a tremendous advantage over its neighbors. NO WARS FOUGHT ON BRITISH SOIL IN 1700s MILITARY SUCCESS LED TO POSITIVE ATTITUDE LAWS TO ENCOURAGE AND PROTECT BUSINESSES Britain had all FACTORS OF PRODUCTION (land, labor and capital).

IMPORTANT INVENTIONS TEXTILE INDUSTRY Flying Shuttle: John Kay 1733 Spinning Jenny: James Hargreaves 1764 Water Frame: Richard Arkwright 1769 Spinning Mule: Samuel Crompton 1779 Power Loom: Edmund Cartwright 1787 Cotton Gin: Eli Whitney 1793

IMPORTANT INVENTIONS TRANSPORTATION Steam Engine: James Watt 1765 Roadways: John McAdam 1800 Steam-Driven Locomotive: Richard Trevithick 1804 Steam Boat: Robert Fulton 1807 Railroad: George Stephenson 1821 Railroads revolutionized life in Britain… NEW JOBS CHEAP WAY TO TRANSPORT GOODS BOOSTED AGRICULTURAL & FISHING INDUSTRIES ENCOURAGED RURAL PEOPLE TO TAKE CITY JOBS

EFFECTS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION SOCIAL increase in population of cities lack of city planning loss of family stability expansion of middle class harsh work conditions improved standard of living creation of new jobs encouragement of technological process

EFFECTS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION ECONOMIC new inventions & development of factories rapidly growing industry in the 1800s increased production & higher demand growth of worldwide trade creation of new jobs highly developed banking & investment system

EFFECTS OF THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION POLITICAL child labor laws to end abuses reformers begin to urge equal distribution of wealth trade unions form utilitarianism, utopianism, socialism, Marxism reform bills in Parliament & Congress

REFORMING INDUSTRIAL WORLD Philosophies of the Industrial World laissez-faire: free market unregulated by government capitalism: factors of production are privately owned and personal money invested for personal profit utilitarianism: government involvement in industry is good only if their actions promote the best good for the greatest number of people

REFORMING INDUSTRIAL WORLD Philosophies of the Industrial World socialism: the factors of production are controlled by the public and operate for the welfare of all communism: theory developed by Karl Marx in the Communist Manifesto in which all factors of productions are owned by the public; private property does not exist and all goods are shared equally

WAS IT WORTH IT? Did the benefits of industrialization outweigh the costs? Did the positive effects outweigh the negative effects?

WAS IT WORTH IT? Did the benefits of industrialization outweigh the costs? Did the positive effects outweigh the negative effects?

IS ALL PROGRESS GOOD? Please include your thoughts on your ticket. This will be your “Ticket Out the Door”.